diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e90f504..35a5c74 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ See [UPGRADING.md](UPGRADING.md). The fixes of 4.1.4 (#37, #88) are included.
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- VTIMEZONE rules with `UNTIL` are compared in UTC: definitions east of UTC whose daylight saving time ended (e.g. Europe/Moscow
+  before 2011) are resolved again, west of UTC no transition after `UNTIL` is kept (#110)
 - `RDATE` without `RRULE` no longer fails with `TypeError` and adds no yearly occurrences (#37, also in 4.1.4)
 - `RDATE` values are always part of the recurrence set (one was lost together with `COUNT`)
 - a `RECURRENCE-ID` replaces only the matching instance of the same UID, compared as an instant in any timezone
diff --git a/src/TimezoneGuesser.php b/src/TimezoneGuesser.php
index 42b29f6..d14ffbd 100644
--- a/src/TimezoneGuesser.php
+++ b/src/TimezoneGuesser.php
@@ -60,26 +60,26 @@ public static function guess(array $observances, ?DateTimeImmutable $reference =
 	 * @return array{int, list<array{int, int}>}
 	 */
 	private static function transitions(array $observances, int $from, int $until): array {
-		$utc = new DateTimeZone('UTC');
 		$all = [];
 		foreach ($observances as $observance) {
 			$offsetFrom = self::offset($observance['offsetFrom']);
 			$offsetTo = self::offset($observance['offsetTo']);
-			// wall-clock times are expanded as if they were UTC, then shifted by TZOFFSETFROM
-			$start = new DateTimeImmutable($observance['start'], $utc);
-			$local = [];
+			// local times are in TZOFFSETFROM; the UNTIL of a rule is in UTC (RFC 5545, section 3.3.10),
+			// so the rule is expanded in the fixed offset and gives UTC timestamps
+			$zone = self::fixedOffsetZone($offsetFrom);
+			$start = new DateTimeImmutable($observance['start'], $zone);
+			$instants = [$start->getTimestamp()];
 			if (!empty($observance['rrule'])) {
+				$instants = [];
 				foreach (new Expander(Rule::fromString($observance['rrule'], true), $start, $until + 2 * 86400) as $timestamp) {
-					$local[] = $timestamp; // includes DTSTART
+					$instants[] = $timestamp; // includes DTSTART
 				}
-			} else {
-				$local[] = $start->getTimestamp();
 			}
 			foreach ($observance['rdates'] ?? [] as $rdate) {
-				$local[] = (new DateTimeImmutable($rdate, $utc))->getTimestamp();
+				$instants[] = (new DateTimeImmutable($rdate, $zone))->getTimestamp();
 			}
-			foreach ($local as $timestamp) {
-				$all[] = [$timestamp - $offsetFrom, $offsetTo];
+			foreach ($instants as $timestamp) {
+				$all[] = [$timestamp, $offsetTo];
 			}
 		}
 		usort($all, static fn(array $a, array $b): int => $a[0] <=> $b[0]);
@@ -145,6 +145,15 @@ private static function fixedOffset(int $offset): DateTimeZone {
 		return new DateTimeZone(sprintf('%s%02d:%02d', $sign, intdiv($offset, 3600), intdiv($offset % 3600, 60)));
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Timezone with a fixed offset, e.g. "+03:00", or "+00:19:32" for a local mean time.
+	 */
+	private static function fixedOffsetZone(int $offset): DateTimeZone {
+		$seconds = abs($offset);
+		$name = sprintf('%s%02d:%02d', $offset < 0 ? '-' : '+', intdiv($seconds, 3600), intdiv($seconds % 3600, 60));
+		return new DateTimeZone($seconds % 60 === 0 ? $name : sprintf('%s:%02d', $name, $seconds % 60));
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Parse a UTC-OFFSET value ("+0100", "-053000").
 	 */
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Timezone/resolvers.phpt b/tests/Unit/Timezone/resolvers.phpt
index 8278d9d..7ccbb8e 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Timezone/resolvers.phpt
+++ b/tests/Unit/Timezone/resolvers.phpt
@@ -113,6 +113,38 @@ test('A definition with RDATE transitions', function () {
 	Assert::same(3600, (new DateTimeImmutable('2026-12-01', $resolved->timezone))->getOffset());
 });
 
+test('UNTIL of an observance is in UTC, also east of UTC (#110)', function () {
+	// Moscow 2008-2013 under a name the IANA resolver does not know
+	$calendar = calendarWith(implode("\r\n", [
+		'BEGIN:VTIMEZONE', 'TZID:Custom/Moscow',
+		'BEGIN:STANDARD', 'DTSTART:19961027T030000', 'TZOFFSETFROM:+0400', 'TZOFFSETTO:+0300', 'RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU;UNTIL=20101030T230000Z', 'END:STANDARD',
+		'BEGIN:DAYLIGHT', 'DTSTART:19930328T020000', 'TZOFFSETFROM:+0300', 'TZOFFSETTO:+0400', 'RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU;UNTIL=20100327T230000Z', 'END:DAYLIGHT',
+		'BEGIN:STANDARD', 'DTSTART:20110327T020000', 'TZOFFSETFROM:+0300', 'TZOFFSETTO:+0400', 'END:STANDARD',
+		'BEGIN:STANDARD', 'DTSTART:20141026T020000', 'TZOFFSETFROM:+0400', 'TZOFFSETTO:+0300', 'END:STANDARD',
+		'END:VTIMEZONE',
+	]));
+	foreach (['2010-06-01', '2011-06-01'] as $reference) {
+		$resolved = (new VTimezoneResolver(reference: new DateTimeImmutable($reference)))->resolve('Custom/Moscow', $calendar);
+		Assert::notNull($resolved, $reference);
+		Assert::same(TimezoneSource::VTimezone, $resolved->source);
+		foreach (['2010-03-27 12:00' => 10800, '2010-07-01' => 14400, '2010-12-01' => 10800, '2011-07-01' => 14400, '2012-01-01' => 14400] as $date => $offset) {
+			Assert::same($offset, (new DateTimeImmutable($date, $resolved->timezone))->getOffset(), "$reference $date");
+		}
+	}
+});
+
+test('UNTIL of an observance is in UTC, west of UTC no transition after it is kept (#110)', function () {
+	// daylight time until 2009: 2010-03-14 02:00 local is 07:00 UTC, after UNTIL
+	$calendar = calendarWith(implode("\r\n", [
+		'BEGIN:VTIMEZONE', 'TZID:Custom/Eastern',
+		'BEGIN:STANDARD', 'DTSTART:20071104T020000', 'TZOFFSETFROM:-0400', 'TZOFFSETTO:-0500', 'RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=11;BYDAY=1SU', 'END:STANDARD',
+		'BEGIN:DAYLIGHT', 'DTSTART:20070311T020000', 'TZOFFSETFROM:-0500', 'TZOFFSETTO:-0400', 'RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=2SU;UNTIL=20100314T030000Z', 'END:DAYLIGHT',
+		'END:VTIMEZONE',
+	]));
+	$resolved = (new VTimezoneResolver(reference: new DateTimeImmutable('2009-06-01')))->resolve('Custom/Eastern', $calendar);
+	Assert::null($resolved); // not America/New_York, which has daylight time in 2010
+});
+
 test('Invalid definitions are not resolved', function () {
 	$calendar = calendarWith("BEGIN:VTIMEZONE\r\nTZID:Broken\r\nBEGIN:STANDARD\r\nDTSTART:x\r\nTZOFFSETFROM:+01\r\nTZOFFSETTO:bad\r\nEND:STANDARD\r\nEND:VTIMEZONE");
 	Assert::null((new VTimezoneResolver())->resolve('Broken', $calendar));
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Timezone/vtimezone-builder.phpt b/tests/Unit/Timezone/vtimezone-builder.phpt
index 542c46d..e35eb07 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Timezone/vtimezone-builder.phpt
+++ b/tests/Unit/Timezone/vtimezone-builder.phpt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use om\ICal\Component;
 use om\ICal\Event;
 use om\ICal\Serializer;
 use om\ICal\Timezone\VTimezoneBuilder;
+use om\ICal\Timezone\VTimezoneResolver;
 use om\ICal\Value\UtcOffset;
 use om\RRule\Expander;
 use om\RRule\Rule;
@@ -165,3 +166,29 @@ test('forComponents(): a definition for every TZID used, for the range of the da
 	Assert::same(['Europe/Prague', 'America/New_York'], array_map(fn(Component $c) => $c->property('TZID')->value, $definitions));
 	Assert::same([], VTimezoneBuilder::forComponents([new Component('VEVENT', [om\ICal\Property::create('DTSTART', '20260105T093000', ['TZID' => 'Custom Zone'])])]), 'only IANA timezones');
 });
+
+test('Definitions with UNTIL resolve east and west of UTC under another TZID (#110)', function () {
+	$offsets = function (DateTimeZone $timezone, int $from, int $to): array {
+		$result = [];
+		foreach (array_slice($timezone->getTransitions($from, $to) ?: [], 1) as $transition) {
+			if (($result === [] ? null : end($result)[1]) !== $transition['offset']) {
+				$result[] = [$transition['ts'], $transition['offset']];
+			}
+		}
+		return $result;
+	};
+	foreach (['Europe/Moscow' => [2008, 2013], 'Europe/Minsk' => [2008, 2013], 'America/Sao_Paulo' => [2015, 2022], 'Europe/Istanbul' => [2013, 2019], 'Europe/Amsterdam' => [1934, 1940]] as $name => [$first, $last]) {
+		$timezone = new DateTimeZone($name);
+		$vtimezone = VTimezoneBuilder::build($timezone, new DateTimeImmutable("$first-01-01", $timezone), new DateTimeImmutable("$last-12-31", $timezone), 'Custom/Zone');
+		$vtimezone = new Component('VTIMEZONE', array_values(array_filter($vtimezone->properties, fn($property) => $property->name !== 'X-LIC-LOCATION')), $vtimezone->components);
+		Assert::contains('UNTIL=', Serializer::serialize($vtimezone), $name);
+		$calendar = new Component('VCALENDAR', [], [$vtimezone]);
+		for ($year = $first + 1; $year <= $last - 2; $year++) {
+			$resolved = (new VTimezoneResolver(reference: new DateTimeImmutable("$year-06-01")))->resolve('Custom/Zone', $calendar);
+			Assert::notNull($resolved, "$name $year");
+			$from = gmmktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $year - 1);
+			$to = gmmktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $year + 2);
+			Assert::same($offsets($timezone, $from, $to), $offsets($resolved->timezone, $from, $to), "$name $year");
+		}
+	}
+});