diff --git a/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go b/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go
index 1121776d98f..1ecb231ff83 100644
--- a/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go
+++ b/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/addresses.go
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ func (st *ServerType) listenersForServerBlockAddress(sblock serverBlock, addr Ad
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing network address: %v", err)
 			}
-			if _, ok := listeners[addr.String()]; !ok {
+			if _, ok := listeners[networkAddr.String()]; !ok {
 				listeners[networkAddr.String()] = map[string]struct{}{}
 			}
 			for _, protocol := range lnCfgVal.protocols {
diff --git a/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype_test.go b/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype_test.go
index b9a94fca94b..cb0f0e7ec7a 100644
--- a/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype_test.go
+++ b/caddyconfig/httpcaddyfile/httptype_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package httpcaddyfile
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -298,3 +299,103 @@ func TestDefaultSNIWithoutHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected default_sni 'my-sni.com' in TLS connection policies, but it was missing. Generated JSON: %s", string(result))
 	}
 }
+
+// TestBindProtocolsMergedAcrossDirectives ensures that the protocols declared
+// by every bind directive resolving to the same listener address are unioned
+// together, instead of each bind directive discarding the ones before it.
+func TestBindProtocolsMergedAcrossDirectives(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		name            string
+		input           string
+		expectListen    []string
+		expectProtocols [][]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "two bind directives on the same address",
+			input: `example.com {
+	bind 127.0.0.1 {
+		protocols h1
+	}
+	bind 127.0.0.1 {
+		protocols h2
+	}
+}`,
+			expectListen:    []string{"127.0.0.1:443"},
+			expectProtocols: [][]string{{"h1", "h2"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "later bind without protocols does not clear earlier ones",
+			input: `example.com {
+	bind 127.0.0.1 {
+		protocols h1 h3
+	}
+	bind 127.0.0.1
+}`,
+			expectListen:    []string{"127.0.0.1:443"},
+			expectProtocols: [][]string{{"h1", "h3"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "a single bind directive is unaffected",
+			input: `example.com {
+	bind 127.0.0.1 {
+		protocols h1
+	}
+}`,
+			expectListen:    []string{"127.0.0.1:443"},
+			expectProtocols: [][]string{{"h1"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "bind directives on distinct addresses stay separate",
+			input: `example.com {
+	bind 127.0.0.1 {
+		protocols h1
+	}
+	bind 127.0.0.2 {
+		protocols h2
+	}
+}`,
+			expectListen:    []string{"127.0.0.1:443", "127.0.0.2:443"},
+			expectProtocols: [][]string{{"h1"}, {"h2"}},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			adapter := caddyfile.Adapter{ServerType: ServerType{}}
+			result, _, err := adapter.Adapt([]byte(tc.input), nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to adapt Caddyfile: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var config struct {
+				Apps struct {
+					HTTP struct {
+						Servers map[string]*caddyhttp.Server `json:"servers"`
+					} `json:"http"`
+				} `json:"apps"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(result, &config); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to unmarshal JSON config: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			server, ok := config.Apps.HTTP.Servers["srv0"]
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected server 'srv0' to be created; got JSON: %s", result)
+			}
+
+			if !slices.Equal(server.Listen, tc.expectListen) {
+				t.Errorf("Test %d: expected listen addresses %v, got %v", i, tc.expectListen, server.Listen)
+			}
+			if len(server.ListenProtocols) != len(tc.expectProtocols) {
+				t.Errorf("Test %d: expected listen protocols %v, got %v; generated JSON: %s",
+					i, tc.expectProtocols, server.ListenProtocols, result)
+			} else {
+				for j := range tc.expectProtocols {
+					if !slices.Equal(server.ListenProtocols[j], tc.expectProtocols[j]) {
+						t.Errorf("Test %d: expected listen protocols %v, got %v; generated JSON: %s",
+							i, tc.expectProtocols, server.ListenProtocols, result)
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}