diff --git a/src/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.ts b/src/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.ts
index ed254c0..3a1c5b0 100644
--- a/src/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.ts
+++ b/src/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Buffer } from 'buffer';
 import { InvalidFormatError } from '../../errors/InvalidFormatError';
 import { InvalidLengthError } from '../../errors/InvalidLengthError';
 import { assert } from '../../patterns';
+import { Media } from '../media';
 import { NullObject } from '../NullObject';
 import { StringValueObject } from '../StringValueObject';
 import { CryptoAdapter } from './CryptoAdapter';
@@ -96,7 +97,10 @@ export class PrivateKey extends Key {
   }
 
   public sign(payload: CryptoPayload): Signature {
-    const messageBuffer = Buffer.from(payload.valueOf());
+    const messageBuffer =
+      payload instanceof Media
+        ? payload.getBuffer()
+        : Buffer.from(payload.valueOf());
     const signatureBuffer = CryptoAdapter.sign(messageBuffer, this.valueOf());
 
     return Signature.fromBuffer(signatureBuffer);
diff --git a/src/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.ts b/src/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.ts
index 961a132..2af7388 100644
--- a/src/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.ts
+++ b/src/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Buffer } from 'buffer';
 import { InvalidFormatError } from '../../errors/InvalidFormatError';
 import { InvalidLengthError } from '../../errors/InvalidLengthError';
 import { assert } from '../../patterns';
+import { Media } from '../media';
 import { NullObject } from '../NullObject';
 import { StringValueObject } from '../StringValueObject';
 import { CryptoAdapter } from './CryptoAdapter';
@@ -43,7 +44,10 @@ export class PublicKey extends Key {
     payload: CryptoPayload,
     signature: Signature,
   ): boolean {
-    const messageBuffer = Buffer.from(payload.valueOf());
+    const messageBuffer =
+      payload instanceof Media
+        ? payload.getBuffer()
+        : Buffer.from(payload.valueOf());
     const signatureBuffer = Buffer.from(signature.valueOf(), 'base64');
     const valid = CryptoAdapter.verify(
       signatureBuffer,
@@ -55,7 +59,11 @@ export class PublicKey extends Key {
   }
 
   public encrypt(payload: CryptoPayload): EncryptedPayload {
-    const messageBuffer = Buffer.from(payload.valueOf());
+    const messageBuffer =
+      payload instanceof Media
+        ? payload.getBuffer()
+        : Buffer.from(payload.valueOf());
+
     assert(
       messageBuffer.length <= PublicKey.MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH,
       new InvalidLengthError(
diff --git a/src/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.ts b/src/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.ts
index 703e78f..405b360 100644
--- a/src/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.ts
+++ b/src/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ export class MD5Hash extends Hash {
   public static from(
     buffer: string | StringValueObject | Media | Buffer,
   ): MD5Hash {
-    return new MD5Hash(CryptoAdapter.hash('md5', buffer.valueOf()));
+    return new MD5Hash(
+      CryptoAdapter.hash(
+        'md5',
+        buffer instanceof Media ? buffer.getBuffer() : buffer.valueOf(),
+      ),
+    );
   }
 
   constructor(source: string | StringValueObject) {
diff --git a/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.ts b/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.ts
index 9fc206d..a26a625 100644
--- a/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.ts
+++ b/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ export class SHA256Hash extends ValueObject<string> {
   public static from(
     buffer: string | StringValueObject | Media | Buffer,
   ): SHA256Hash {
-    return new SHA256Hash(CryptoAdapter.hash('sha256', buffer.valueOf()));
+    return new SHA256Hash(
+      CryptoAdapter.hash(
+        'sha256',
+        buffer instanceof Media ? buffer.getBuffer() : buffer.valueOf(),
+      ),
+    );
   }
 
   constructor(source: string | StringValueObject) {
diff --git a/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.ts b/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.ts
index 8b04f8e..3069a78 100644
--- a/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.ts
+++ b/src/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ export class SHA512Hash extends ValueObject<string> {
   public static from(
     buffer: string | StringValueObject | Media | Buffer,
   ): SHA512Hash {
-    return new SHA512Hash(CryptoAdapter.hash('sha512', buffer.valueOf()));
+    return new SHA512Hash(
+      CryptoAdapter.hash(
+        'sha512',
+        buffer instanceof Media ? buffer.getBuffer() : buffer.valueOf(),
+      ),
+    );
   }
 
   constructor(source: string | StringValueObject) {
diff --git a/src/value-objects/media/Media.ts b/src/value-objects/media/Media.ts
index 4dff749..ce676aa 100644
--- a/src/value-objects/media/Media.ts
+++ b/src/value-objects/media/Media.ts
@@ -4,16 +4,22 @@ import { NullObject } from '../NullObject';
 import { ValueObject } from '../ValueObject';
 
 export class Media extends ValueObject<string> {
+  private readonly buffer?: Buffer;
+
   constructor(value: string | Buffer) {
     super(value?.toString());
 
     if (NullObject.isNullObject(this)) {
       return this;
     }
+
+    this.buffer = Buffer.isBuffer(value) ? Buffer.from(value) : undefined;
   }
 
   public getBuffer(): Buffer {
-    return Buffer.from(this.value);
+    return this.buffer === undefined
+      ? Buffer.from(this.value)
+      : Buffer.from(this.buffer);
   }
 
   public getSize(): number {
@@ -23,4 +29,16 @@ export class Media extends ValueObject<string> {
   public getBase64(): string {
     return this.getBuffer().toString('base64');
   }
+
+  public isEqual(other: unknown): boolean {
+    if (other instanceof Media) {
+      return this.getBuffer().equals(other.getBuffer());
+    }
+
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(other)) {
+      return this.getBuffer().equals(other);
+    }
+
+    return super.isEqual(other);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/tests/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.spec.ts b/tests/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.spec.ts
index 0848171..c058238 100644
--- a/tests/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/value-objects/crypto/PrivateKey.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   InvalidFormatError,
   InvalidLengthError,
   Key,
+  Media,
   PrivateKey,
   PublicKey,
   Signature,
@@ -142,6 +143,20 @@ describe('PrivateKey', () => {
       );
       expect(valid).toBeTrue();
     });
+
+    it('should sign raw Media bytes', () => {
+      const key = new PrivateKey(privatePem);
+      const payload = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+      const sig = key.sign(new Media(payload));
+
+      const valid = crypto.verify(
+        null,
+        payload,
+        publicPem,
+        Buffer.from(sig.valueOf(), 'base64'),
+      );
+      expect(valid).toBeTrue();
+    });
   });
 
   describe('decrypt', () => {
diff --git a/tests/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.spec.ts b/tests/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.spec.ts
index 18a669b..03e7bcb 100644
--- a/tests/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/value-objects/crypto/PublicKey.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   InvalidFormatError,
   InvalidLengthError,
   Key,
+  Media,
   PrivateKey,
   PublicKey,
   Signature,
@@ -112,6 +113,15 @@ describe('PublicKey', () => {
 
       expect(key.isValidSignature(payloadVO, signature)).toBeTrue();
     });
+
+    it('should verify signatures against raw Media bytes', () => {
+      const key = new PublicKey(publicPem);
+      const payload = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+      const sigBuf = crypto.sign(null, payload, privatePem);
+      const signature = Signature.fromBuffer(sigBuf);
+
+      expect(key.isValidSignature(new Media(payload), signature)).toBeTrue();
+    });
   });
 
   describe('encrypt', () => {
@@ -146,6 +156,16 @@ describe('PublicKey', () => {
       expect(encrypted).toBeInstanceOf(EncryptedPayload);
     });
 
+    it('should encrypt raw Media bytes', () => {
+      const pubKey = new PublicKey(publicPem);
+      const privKey = new PrivateKey(privatePem);
+      const payload = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+      const encrypted = pubKey.encrypt(new Media(payload));
+      const decrypted = privKey.decrypt(encrypted);
+
+      expect(decrypted).toEqual(payload);
+    });
+
     it('should throw InvalidLengthError for oversized payloads', () => {
       const key = new PublicKey(publicPem);
       const payload = Buffer.alloc(1024 * 1024 + 1);
diff --git a/tests/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.spec.ts b/tests/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.spec.ts
index ed46088..01e5af2 100644
--- a/tests/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/value-objects/hashes/MD5Hash.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { createHash } from 'crypto';
 
 import {
   InvalidHashError,
+  Media,
   MD5Hash,
   NullObject,
   StringValueObject,
@@ -98,6 +99,13 @@ describe('MD5Hash', () => {
         expect(hash.valueOf()).toBe(expected);
       });
 
+      it('should compute MD5 hash from raw Media bytes', () => {
+        const input = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+        const expected = computeMD5(input);
+        const hash = MD5Hash.from(new Media(input));
+        expect(hash.valueOf()).toBe(expected);
+      });
+
       it('should compute MD5 hash from StringValueObject', () => {
         const input = new StringValueObject('hello');
         const expected = computeMD5(input.valueOf());
diff --git a/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.spec.ts b/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.spec.ts
index c33b3c9..054a2b1 100644
--- a/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA256Hash.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   SHA256Hash,
   NullObject,
   InvalidHashError,
+  Media,
   StringValueObject,
 } from '../../../src';
 
@@ -102,6 +103,13 @@ describe('SHA256Hash', () => {
         expect(hash.valueOf()).toBe(expected);
       });
 
+      it('should compute SHA256 hash from raw Media bytes', () => {
+        const input = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+        const expected = computeSHA256(input);
+        const hash = SHA256Hash.from(new Media(input));
+        expect(hash.valueOf()).toBe(expected);
+      });
+
       it('should compute SHA256 hash from StringValueObject', () => {
         const input = new StringValueObject('hello');
         const expected = computeSHA256(input.valueOf());
diff --git a/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.spec.ts b/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.spec.ts
index 458f00f..2139623 100644
--- a/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/value-objects/hashes/SHA512Hash.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   SHA512Hash,
   NullObject,
   InvalidHashError,
+  Media,
   StringValueObject,
 } from '../../../src';
 
@@ -102,6 +103,13 @@ describe('SHA512Hash', () => {
         expect(hash.valueOf()).toBe(expected);
       });
 
+      it('should compute SHA512 hash from raw Media bytes', () => {
+        const input = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+        const expected = computeSHA512(input);
+        const hash = SHA512Hash.from(new Media(input));
+        expect(hash.valueOf()).toBe(expected);
+      });
+
       it('should compute SHA512 hash from StringValueObject', () => {
         const input = new StringValueObject('hello');
         const expected = computeSHA512(input.valueOf());
diff --git a/tests/value-objects/media/Media.spec.ts b/tests/value-objects/media/Media.spec.ts
index 9338fc3..e7b81f3 100644
--- a/tests/value-objects/media/Media.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/value-objects/media/Media.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { NullObjectError } from '../../../src/errors/NullObjectError';
 import { Media } from '../../../src/value-objects/media/Media';
 import { NullObject } from '../../../src/value-objects/NullObject';
+import { UniqueObjectArray } from '../../../src/value-objects/UniqueObjectArray';
 
 describe('Media', () => {
   const testContent = 'hello world';
@@ -23,6 +24,17 @@ describe('Media', () => {
       expect(media).toBeInstanceOf(Media);
       expect(media.valueOf()).toBe(testContent);
     });
+
+    it('should preserve non-text bytes from a Buffer', () => {
+      const source = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]);
+      const media = new Media(source);
+
+      source[0] = 0x00;
+
+      expect(media.getBuffer()).toEqual(
+        Buffer.from([0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x80]),
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('getBuffer', () => {
@@ -51,6 +63,40 @@ describe('Media', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('isEqual', () => {
+    it('should compare Media instances using preserved bytes', () => {
+      const media = new Media(Buffer.from([0xff]));
+      const other = new Media(Buffer.from([0xfe]));
+
+      expect(media.toString()).toBe(other.toString());
+      expect(media.getBuffer()).not.toEqual(other.getBuffer());
+      expect(media.isEqual(other)).toBeFalse();
+    });
+
+    it('should compare Media instances with the same bytes as equal', () => {
+      const media = new Media(Buffer.from([0xff]));
+      const other = new Media(Buffer.from([0xff]));
+
+      expect(media.isEqual(other)).toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    it('should compare Media instances with buffers using preserved bytes', () => {
+      const media = new Media(Buffer.from([0xff]));
+
+      expect(media.isEqual(Buffer.from([0xff]))).toBeTrue();
+      expect(media.isEqual(Buffer.from([0xfe]))).toBeFalse();
+    });
+
+    it('should keep distinct binary payloads in unique collections', () => {
+      const medias = UniqueObjectArray.fromArray([
+        new Media(Buffer.from([0xff])),
+        new Media(Buffer.from([0xfe])),
+      ]);
+
+      expect(medias.length()).toBe(2);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('NullObject behavior', () => {
     it('should throw NullObjectError when calling methods on a null media', () => {
       const nullMedia = new Media(undefined as unknown as string);