diff --git a/backend/app/agendas/outcome_tags.py b/backend/app/agendas/outcome_tags.py
index 668c287..bb37855 100644
--- a/backend/app/agendas/outcome_tags.py
+++ b/backend/app/agendas/outcome_tags.py
@@ -27,11 +27,20 @@ class TaggedOutcome:
 
 _TAGS: tuple[tuple[OutcomeKind, str], ...] = (
     ("decision", "@决策:"),
+    ("decision", "@Decision:"),
+    ("decision", "@decision:"),
     ("action", "@行动:"),
+    ("action", "@Action:"),
+    ("action", "@action:"),
     ("question", "@开放问题:"),
     ("question", "@问题:"),
+    ("question", "@Question:"),
+    ("question", "@question:"),
+    ("question", "@OpenQuestion:"),
 )
 
+_ACTION_PREFIXES: tuple[str, ...] = ("@行动:", "@Action:", "@action:")
+
 
 def parse_action_metadata(
     raw_payload: str,
@@ -79,6 +88,7 @@ def format_action_tag(
     status: ActionStatus | str = ActionStatus.open,
     owner: str | None = None,
     due_date: date | str | None = None,
+    tag_prefix: str = "@行动:",
 ) -> str:
     """Format an ActionItem into the tag syntax @行动:[status][@owner][due_date] content."""
     status_str = status.value if hasattr(status, "value") else str(status)
@@ -100,7 +110,7 @@ def format_action_tag(
         due_str = due_date.isoformat() if hasattr(due_date, "isoformat") else str(due_date).strip()
         if due_str:
             parts.append(f"[{due_str}]")
-    return f"@行动:{''.join(parts)} {content.strip()}"
+    return f"{tag_prefix}{''.join(parts)} {content.strip()}"
 
 
 def rewrite_action_in_notes(
@@ -124,12 +134,19 @@ def rewrite_action_in_notes(
             continue
         if in_fence:
             continue
-        if line.startswith("@行动:"):
+        matched_prefix = next(
+            (prefix for prefix in _ACTION_PREFIXES if line.startswith(prefix)),
+            None,
+        )
+        if matched_prefix is not None:
             if action_count == target_index:
                 leading_ws_len = len(raw_line) - len(raw_line.lstrip())
                 leading = raw_line[:leading_ws_len]
                 ending = "\n" if raw_line.endswith("\n") else ""
-                lines[idx] = f"{leading}{new_tag_line}{ending}"
+                tag_line = new_tag_line
+                if matched_prefix != "@行动:" and tag_line.startswith("@行动:"):
+                    tag_line = f"{matched_prefix}{tag_line[len('@行动:'):]}"
+                lines[idx] = f"{leading}{tag_line}{ending}"
                 return "".join(lines)
             action_count += 1
     return notes_markdown
diff --git a/backend/tests/domain/test_bidirectional_actions.py b/backend/tests/domain/test_bidirectional_actions.py
index f8b878b..5cc054b 100644
--- a/backend/tests/domain/test_bidirectional_actions.py
+++ b/backend/tests/domain/test_bidirectional_actions.py
@@ -320,3 +320,38 @@ def test_reconcile_outcomes_preserves_final_decision_clears_metadata_and_handles
         )
         assert session.get(Decision, final_dec.id) is not None
         assert session.get(Decision, final_dec.id).status.value == "final"
+
+
+def test_parse_and_rewrite_english_outcome_tags():
+    md = """# Meeting Notes
+@Decision: Adopt canonical REST API contract
+@Action:[todo][@alice][2026-10-18] Ship bilingual UI toggle
+@Question: Should we preserve legacy webhook aliases?
+"""
+    tags = parse_outcome_tags(md)
+    assert len(tags) == 3
+    assert tags[0].kind == "decision"
+    assert tags[0].source_tag_key == "decision:0"
+    assert tags[0].content == "Adopt canonical REST API contract"
+
+    assert tags[1].kind == "action"
+    assert tags[1].source_tag_key == "action:0"
+    assert tags[1].status == ActionStatus.open
+    assert tags[1].owner_name == "alice"
+    assert tags[1].due_date == date(2026, 10, 18)
+    assert tags[1].content == "Ship bilingual UI toggle"
+
+    assert tags[2].kind == "question"
+    assert tags[2].source_tag_key == "question:0"
+    assert tags[2].content == "Should we preserve legacy webhook aliases?"
+
+    # Rewriting an English @Action: tag preserves the @Action: prefix
+    new_tag = format_action_tag(
+        content="Ship bilingual UI toggle",
+        status=ActionStatus.done,
+        owner="alice",
+        due_date=date(2026, 10, 18),
+    )
+    rewritten = rewrite_action_in_notes(md, "action:0", new_tag)
+    assert "@Action:[done][@alice][2026-10-18] Ship bilingual UI toggle" in rewritten
+
diff --git a/docs/assets/demo_meetflow.gif b/docs/assets/demo_meetflow.gif
index 413f645..163dd25 100644
Binary files a/docs/assets/demo_meetflow.gif and b/docs/assets/demo_meetflow.gif differ
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.vue b/frontend/src/App.vue
index 8cb1aef..1aac7e4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/App.vue
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import {
   NBadge, NConfigProvider, NDialogProvider, NDropdown, NIcon, NLayout, NLayoutContent,
   NMessageProvider, dateZhCN, zhCN,
 } from 'naive-ui'
-import { onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
-import { RouterLink, RouterView, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
+import { RouterView, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 
 import { api } from './api/client'
 import { clearSession, session, type SessionUser } from './auth/session'
@@ -13,15 +13,17 @@ import AppAvatar from './components/AppAvatar.vue'
 import AppSidebar from './components/AppSidebar.vue'
 import { resetUnread, startUnreadPolling, unreadCount } from './composables/useInboxUnread'
 import { resetUserNames } from './composables/useUserNameMap'
+import { useI18n } from './i18n'
 import { loadPluginFrontendModules } from './plugins/runtime'
 import { naiveThemeOverrides } from './theme/naive'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const { locale, toggleLocale, tr } = useI18n()
 
-const accountOptions = [
-  { key: 'account', label: '账号设置' },
-  { key: 'logout', label: '退出登录' },
-]
+const accountOptions = computed(() => [
+  { key: 'account', label: tr('账号设置', 'Account Settings') },
+  { key: 'logout', label: tr('退出登录', 'Sign Out') },
+])
 
 function onLoggedIn(user: SessionUser) {
   session.user = user
@@ -78,7 +80,11 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <NConfigProvider :theme-overrides="naiveThemeOverrides" :locale="zhCN" :date-locale="dateZhCN">
+  <NConfigProvider
+    :theme-overrides="naiveThemeOverrides"
+    :locale="locale === 'zh' ? zhCN : null"
+    :date-locale="locale === 'zh' ? dateZhCN : null"
+  >
     <NMessageProvider>
       <NDialogProvider>
         <div class="app-shell">
@@ -87,15 +93,24 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
               <AppSidebar />
               <NLayoutContent class="workspace-main">
                 <header class="workspace-topbar">
-                  <span class="workspace-label">共享工作区</span>
-                  <div class="topbar-actions">
+                  <span class="workspace-label">{{ tr('共享工作区', 'Shared Workspace') }}</span>
+                  <div class="topbar-actions topbar-right">
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      class="lang-toggle-btn"
+                      data-testid="lang-toggle-btn"
+                      :aria-label="locale === 'zh' ? 'Switch to English' : '切换到中文'"
+                      @click="toggleLocale"
+                    >
+                      {{ locale === 'zh' ? '🌐 EN' : '🌐 中文' }}
+                    </button>
                     <NBadge :value="unreadCount" :show="unreadCount > 0">
-                      <button type="button" class="icon-button" aria-label="收件箱" @click="router.push('/inbox')">
+                      <button type="button" class="icon-button" :aria-label="tr('收件箱', 'Inbox')" @click="router.push('/inbox')">
                         <NIcon :size="18"><Bell :size="18" aria-hidden="true" /></NIcon>
                       </button>
                     </NBadge>
                     <NDropdown :options="accountOptions" trigger="click" @select="onAccountSelect">
-                      <button type="button" class="account-menu-trigger" aria-label="账户菜单">
+                      <button type="button" class="account-menu-trigger" :aria-label="tr('账户菜单', 'Account menu')">
                         <AppAvatar :name="session.user.display_name" :color="session.user.avatar_color" :size="30" />
                         <span>{{ session.user.display_name }}</span>
                       </button>
@@ -112,3 +127,4 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
     </NMessageProvider>
   </NConfigProvider>
 </template>
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/api/meetings.ts b/frontend/src/api/meetings.ts
index e8d20bb..21c4aa8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/api/meetings.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/meetings.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { api, apiDownload } from './client'
 import type { Meeting, MeetingParticipantWrite } from '../domain/meetings'
+import { locale, type Locale } from '../i18n'
 
 export type LifecycleAction = 'start' | 'finish' | 'cancel' | 'reopen'
 
@@ -75,11 +76,23 @@ export function rotateApiKey() {
   })
 }
 
-export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: string): string {
-  const title = agendaTitle.trim() || '当前议题'
+const OUTCOME_TAG_LINE_RE = /^@(?:决策|行动|开放问题|问题|Decision|decision|Action|action|Question|question|OpenQuestion):/
+const BULLET_OUTCOME_TAG_RE = /^\s*[-*•]\s*(@(?:决策|行动|开放问题|问题|Decision|decision|Action|action|Question|question|OpenQuestion):.+)$/
+
+export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: string, lang: Locale = locale.value): string {
+  const useEn = lang === 'en'
+  const title = agendaTitle.trim() || (useEn ? 'Current Agenda' : '当前议题')
   const trimmed = rawMarkdown.trim()
 
   if (!trimmed) {
+    if (useEn) {
+      return [
+        `### ${title} · Key Discussion Points`,
+        `@Decision: Confirm core implementation plan and rollout path for "${title}"`,
+        `@Action:[open] Complete API integration and automated regression tests for "${title}"`,
+        `@Question: Does the legacy data migration window for "${title}" require canary verification?`,
+      ].join('\n')
+    }
     return [
       `### ${title} · 讨论要点`,
       `@决策: 确认「${title}」核心实施方案与演进路径`,
@@ -93,9 +106,13 @@ export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: stri
   const existingTags = new Set<string>()
   const extractedTags: string[] = []
 
+  const decPrefix = useEn ? '@Decision:' : '@决策:'
+  const actPrefix = useEn ? '@Action:' : '@行动:'
+  const qPrefix = useEn ? '@Question:' : '@开放问题:'
+
   for (const originalLine of lines) {
     const rawLine = originalLine.replace(/\\([[\]])/g, '$1')
-    const bulletTagMatch = rawLine.match(/^\s*[-*•]\s*(@(?:决策|行动|开放问题|问题):.+)$/)
+    const bulletTagMatch = rawLine.match(BULLET_OUTCOME_TAG_RE)
     if (bulletTagMatch) {
       const tagLine = bulletTagMatch[1].trim()
       normalizedLines.push(tagLine)
@@ -104,7 +121,7 @@ export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: stri
     }
 
     const stripped = rawLine.trim()
-    if (/^@(?:决策|行动|开放问题|问题):/.test(stripped)) {
+    if (OUTCOME_TAG_LINE_RE.test(stripped)) {
       normalizedLines.push(stripped)
       existingTags.add(stripped)
       continue
@@ -113,28 +130,62 @@ export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: stri
     normalizedLines.push(rawLine)
 
     const cleanLine = stripped.replace(/^[-*•\d.)\s]+/, '').trim()
-    if (!cleanLine || cleanLine.startsWith('#') || cleanLine.startsWith('```')) {
+    if (
+      !cleanLine
+      || cleanLine.startsWith('#')
+      || cleanLine.startsWith('```')
+      || /[：:]$/.test(cleanLine)
+    ) {
       continue
     }
 
-    if (/(?:决定|确定|决议|统一采用|采用|拍板|一致同意|定稿|结论[：:])/.test(cleanLine)) {
-      const content = cleanLine.replace(/^(?:团队一致决定|一致决定|决定|确定|决议|结论[：:])\s*/, '').trim()
+    if (
+      /(?:待确认|疑问|是否|如何|待评估|[？?]$)/.test(cleanLine)
+      || /\b(?:question|tbd|whether|how to|need to confirm|open question)\b/i.test(cleanLine)
+    ) {
+      const content = cleanLine
+        .replace(/^(?:待确认[：:]?|疑问[：:]?|问题[：:]?|open question[：:]?|question[：:]?|tbd[：:]?)\s*/i, '')
+        .trim()
+      if (content) {
+        const tag = `${qPrefix} ${content}`
+        if (!existingTags.has(tag)) extractedTags.push(tag)
+      }
+    } else if (
+      /^(?:请\s*@|待办|行动|action|todo)/i.test(cleanLine)
+      || (/@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+/.test(cleanLine) && /(?:请|负责|跟进|待办|完成|完善|推进|输出|补充|联调|验证|编写|提交)/.test(cleanLine))
+    ) {
+      const content = cleanLine
+        .replace(/^(?:待办[：:]?|行动[：:]?|action[：:]?|todo[：:]?)\s*/i, '')
+        .trim()
       if (content) {
-        const tag = `@决策: ${content}`
+        const ownerMatch = content.match(/@([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/)
+        const ownerTag = ownerMatch ? `[@${ownerMatch[1]}]` : ''
+        const tag = `${actPrefix}[open]${ownerTag} ${content}`
         if (!existingTags.has(tag)) extractedTags.push(tag)
       }
-    } else if (/(?:待确认|疑问|是否|如何|待评估|[？?]$)/.test(cleanLine)) {
-      const content = cleanLine.replace(/^(?:待确认[：:]?|疑问[：:]?|问题[：:]?)\s*/, '').trim()
+    } else if (
+      /(?:决定|确定|决议|统一采用|采用|拍板|一致同意|定稿|结论[：:])/.test(cleanLine)
+      || /\b(?:decided|decide|agreed|agree|approved|approve|adopted|adopt|concluded|decision)\b/i.test(cleanLine)
+      || /^(?:decision|conclusion)[：:]/i.test(cleanLine)
+    ) {
+      const content = cleanLine
+        .replace(/^(?:团队一致决定|一致决定|决定|确定|决议|结论[：:]|decision[：:]|conclusion[：:])\s*/i, '')
+        .trim()
       if (content) {
-        const tag = `@开放问题: ${content}`
+        const tag = `${decPrefix} ${content}`
         if (!existingTags.has(tag)) extractedTags.push(tag)
       }
-    } else if (/(?:负责|跟进|待办|完成|推进|输出|补充|联调|验证|编写|提交)/.test(cleanLine)) {
-      const content = cleanLine.replace(/^(?:待办[：:]?|行动[：:]?)\s*/, '').trim()
+    } else if (
+      /(?:负责|跟进|待办|完成|完善|推进|输出|补充|联调|验证|编写|提交)/.test(cleanLine)
+      || /\b(?:will|todo|action|follow up|implement|complete|verify|test|prepare|submit|assign)\b/i.test(cleanLine)
+    ) {
+      const content = cleanLine
+        .replace(/^(?:待办[：:]?|行动[：:]?|action[：:]?|todo[：:]?)\s*/i, '')
+        .trim()
       if (content) {
         const ownerMatch = content.match(/@([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/)
         const ownerTag = ownerMatch ? `[@${ownerMatch[1]}]` : ''
-        const tag = `@行动:[open]${ownerTag} ${content}`
+        const tag = `${actPrefix}[open]${ownerTag} ${content}`
         if (!existingTags.has(tag)) extractedTags.push(tag)
       }
     }
@@ -146,6 +197,17 @@ export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: stri
   }
 
   if (existingTags.size === 0) {
+    if (useEn) {
+      return [
+        normalizedLines.join('\n'),
+        '',
+        `@Decision: Confirm rollout plan for "${title}"`,
+        '',
+        `@Action:[open] Follow up on implementation and integration testing for "${title}"`,
+        '',
+        `@Question: Cross-module boundary details for "${title}" pending final confirmation`,
+      ].join('\n')
+    }
     return [
       normalizedLines.join('\n'),
       '',
@@ -160,3 +222,4 @@ export function smartStructureAgendaNotes(rawMarkdown: string, agendaTitle: stri
   return normalizedLines.join('\n')
 }
 
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AgendaDetail.vue b/frontend/src/components/AgendaDetail.vue
index 45f6f26..7cc6187 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AgendaDetail.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AgendaDetail.vue
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import type { MarkdownEditorHandle } from './MarkdownEditor.vue'
 import OutcomeComposer from './OutcomeComposer.vue'
 import PluginEditorSlot from './PluginEditorSlot.vue'
 import VersionConflictDialog from './VersionConflictDialog.vue'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { formatDateTime, formatDuration, parseUtcTimestamp } from '../utils/time'
 
+const { locale, tr } = useI18n()
 const props = defineProps<{ meeting: Meeting; item: AgendaItem; canContribute: boolean }>()
 const emit = defineEmits<{ changed: []; advance: [nextId: string | null] }>()
 type AgendaAdvanceResult = { next_agenda_item_id: string | null }
@@ -103,13 +105,13 @@ const migrateOptions = computed(() => props.meeting.agenda_items
 const actualDurationText = computed(() => {
   const seconds = props.item.actual_duration_seconds
   if (props.item.status !== 'completed' || seconds === null || seconds === undefined) return ''
-  return `实际用时 ${formatDuration(seconds)}`
+  return `${tr('实际用时', 'Actual')} ${formatDuration(seconds)}`
 })
 const completedWindow = computed(() => {
   if (props.item.status !== 'completed') return ''
   const parts: string[] = []
-  if (props.item.started_at) parts.push(`开始 ${formatDateTime(props.item.started_at)}`)
-  if (props.item.completed_at) parts.push(`完成 ${formatDateTime(props.item.completed_at)}`)
+  if (props.item.started_at) parts.push(`${tr('开始', 'Start')} ${formatDateTime(props.item.started_at)}`)
+  if (props.item.completed_at) parts.push(`${tr('完成', 'End')} ${formatDateTime(props.item.completed_at)}`)
   return parts.join(' · ')
 })
 const liveElapsed = computed(() => {
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@ async function smartExtractNotes() {
   try {
     const flushed = typeof notesEditor.value?.flush === 'function' ? notesEditor.value.flush() : undefined
     if (flushed !== undefined) draft.notes_markdown = flushed
-    const structured = smartStructureAgendaNotes(draft.notes_markdown, draft.title || props.item.title)
+    const structured = smartStructureAgendaNotes(draft.notes_markdown, draft.title || props.item.title, locale.value)
     draft.notes_markdown = structured
 
     const res = await ingestMeetingNotes(props.meeting.id, {
@@ -276,7 +278,9 @@ async function smartExtractNotes() {
     const decisions = res.decisions ?? res.extracted?.decisions ?? 0
     const actions = res.actions ?? res.extracted?.actions ?? 0
     const questions = res.questions ?? res.extracted?.questions ?? 0
-    extractStatus.value = `✨ 已智能提炼 ${decisions} 项决策 · ${actions} 项行动 · ${questions} 项开放问题`
+    extractStatus.value = locale.value === 'en'
+      ? `✨ Extracted ${decisions} decisions · ${actions} actions · ${questions} open questions`
+      : `✨ 已智能提炼 ${decisions} 项决策 · ${actions} 项行动 · ${questions} 项开放问题`
     emit('changed')
   } catch (caught) {
     error.value = errorMessage(caught, 'AI 提炼失败，请检查议题记录格式')
@@ -443,6 +447,15 @@ function cycleActionStatus(action: ActionItem) {
 }
 
 function actionStatusLabel(status: ActionStatus): string {
+  if (locale.value === 'en') {
+    const enMap: Record<ActionStatus, string> = {
+      open: 'Todo',
+      in_progress: 'Doing',
+      done: 'Done',
+      canceled: 'Canceled',
+    }
+    return enMap[status] || status
+  }
   const map: Record<ActionStatus, string> = {
     open: '待办',
     in_progress: '进行中',
@@ -453,7 +466,7 @@ function actionStatusLabel(status: ActionStatus): string {
 }
 
 const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
-  const regex = /@行动:(\[[^\]]*\])*\s*([^\n\r]+)/g
+  const regex = /@(?:行动|Action|action):(\[[^\]]*\])*\s*([^\n\r]+)/g
   const matches: string[] = []
   let match: RegExpExecArray | null
   while ((match = regex.exec(draft.notes_markdown)) !== null) {
@@ -466,26 +479,26 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
 <template>
   <div class="agenda-detail" data-testid="agenda-detail">
     <header class="agenda-detail-header">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">Current topic</p><input v-model="draft.title" class="agenda-title-input" aria-label="议题标题" :readonly="!canContribute" /></div>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">Current topic</p><input v-model="draft.title" class="agenda-title-input" :aria-label="tr('议题标题', 'Agenda Title')" :readonly="!canContribute" /></div>
       <div class="agenda-detail-status">
         <StatusPill :status="props.item.status" kind="agenda" />
-        <n-tag v-if="item.carry_from_open_question_id" size="small" :bordered="false">来自开放问题</n-tag>
+        <n-tag v-if="item.carry_from_open_question_id" size="small" :bordered="false">{{ tr('来自开放问题', 'From Question') }}</n-tag>
       </div>
     </header>
     <p v-if="actualDurationText || completedWindow || liveElapsed" class="agenda-timing">
       <span v-if="actualDurationText" class="agenda-actual-duration">{{ actualDurationText }}</span>
       <span v-if="completedWindow" class="agenda-actual-window">{{ completedWindow }}</span>
-      <span v-if="liveElapsed" class="agenda-live-elapsed">已进行 {{ liveElapsed }}</span>
+      <span v-if="liveElapsed" class="agenda-live-elapsed">{{ tr('已进行', 'Elapsed') }} {{ liveElapsed }}</span>
     </p>
     <div class="agenda-meta-fields">
-      <label>类型<select v-model="draft.agenda_type" :disabled="!canContribute"><option value="information">信息同步</option><option value="discussion">讨论</option><option value="decision">决策</option></select></label>
-      <label>预计时长<n-input-number v-model:value="draft.estimated_minutes" :min="1" :max="480" :disabled="!canContribute" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '预计时长' }" /></label>
-      <label>提案人<n-select v-model:value="draft.proposer_user_id" :options="memberSelectOptions" filterable clearable :virtual-scroll="false" :disabled="!canContribute" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '提案人' }" placeholder="未指定" @update:show="onMemberMenu" /></label>
-      <label>主讲人<n-select v-model:value="draft.presenter_user_id" :options="memberSelectOptions" filterable clearable :virtual-scroll="false" :disabled="!canContribute" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '主讲人' }" placeholder="未指定" @update:show="onMemberMenu" /></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('类型', 'Type') }}<select v-model="draft.agenda_type" :disabled="!canContribute"><option value="information">{{ tr('信息同步', 'Info Sync') }}</option><option value="discussion">{{ tr('讨论', 'Discussion') }}</option><option value="decision">{{ tr('决策', 'Decision') }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('预计时长', 'Duration') }}<n-input-number v-model:value="draft.estimated_minutes" :min="1" :max="480" :disabled="!canContribute" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('预计时长', 'Duration') }" /></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('提案人', 'Proposer') }}<n-select v-model:value="draft.proposer_user_id" :options="memberSelectOptions" filterable clearable :virtual-scroll="false" :disabled="!canContribute" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('提案人', 'Proposer') }" :placeholder="tr('未指定', 'Unassigned')" @update:show="onMemberMenu" /></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('主讲人', 'Speaker') }}<n-select v-model:value="draft.presenter_user_id" :options="memberSelectOptions" filterable clearable :virtual-scroll="false" :disabled="!canContribute" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('主讲人', 'Speaker') }" :placeholder="tr('未指定', 'Unassigned')" @update:show="onMemberMenu" /></label>
     </div>
     <div class="agenda-notes">
-      <span v-if="!canContribute" class="agenda-notes-label">议题记录</span>
-      <PluginEditorSlot v-if="canContribute" v-model="draft.notes_markdown" editor-label="议题记录" data-testid="agenda-notes-editor" target-type="agenda_item" :target-id="item.id" slot="agenda-notes-editor" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id, agendaId: item.id }" @notice="error = $event">
+      <span v-if="!canContribute" class="agenda-notes-label">{{ tr('议题记录', 'Agenda Notes') }}</span>
+      <PluginEditorSlot v-if="canContribute" v-model="draft.notes_markdown" :editor-label="tr('议题记录', 'Agenda Notes')" data-testid="agenda-notes-editor" target-type="agenda_item" :target-id="item.id" slot="agenda-notes-editor" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id, agendaId: item.id }" @notice="error = $event">
         <template #header-actions="{ disabled }">
           <button
             v-if="!meetingLocked"
@@ -495,31 +508,31 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             :disabled="saving || disabled || extractingNotes"
             @click="smartExtractNotes"
           >
-            ✨ {{ extractingNotes ? '正在提炼…' : 'AI 智能提炼' }}
+            ✨ {{ extractingNotes ? tr('正在提炼…', 'Extracting…') : tr('AI 智能提炼', 'AI Extract') }}
           </button>
         </template>
         <template #editor="{ disabled, registerEditor }">
-          <MarkdownEditor ref="notesEditor" v-model="draft.notes_markdown" label="议题记录" placeholder="记录讨论上下文、材料和过程…" :disabled="saving || disabled || extractingNotes" :register-editor="registerEditor" />
+          <MarkdownEditor ref="notesEditor" v-model="draft.notes_markdown" :label="tr('议题记录', 'Agenda Notes')" :placeholder="tr('记录讨论上下文、材料和过程…', 'Capture discussion context, materials, and notes…')" :disabled="saving || disabled || extractingNotes" :register-editor="registerEditor" />
         </template>
       </PluginEditorSlot>
-      <MarkdownEditor v-else ref="notesEditor" v-model="draft.notes_markdown" label="议题记录" placeholder="记录讨论上下文、材料和过程…" :disabled="true" />
+      <MarkdownEditor v-else ref="notesEditor" v-model="draft.notes_markdown" :label="tr('议题记录', 'Agenda Notes')" :placeholder="tr('记录讨论上下文、材料和过程…', 'Capture discussion context, materials, and notes…')" :disabled="true" />
     </div>
     <p v-if="extractStatus" class="ai-extract-status" data-testid="ai-extract-status" role="status">{{ extractStatus }}</p>
     <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error">{{ error }}</p>
-    <div v-if="canContribute" class="agenda-save-row"><span class="muted">保存后会同步识别记录中的 @决策:、@行动:、@开放问题:。</span><button class="button button-quiet" :disabled="saving || !draft.title.trim()" @click="save()">保存议题</button></div>
+    <div v-if="canContribute" class="agenda-save-row"><span class="muted">{{ tr('保存后会同步识别记录中的 @决策:、@行动:、@开放问题:。', 'Saving syncs @Decision:, @Action:, and @Question: tags from notes.') }}</span><button class="button button-quiet" :disabled="saving || !draft.title.trim()" @click="save()">{{ tr('保存议题', 'Save Agenda') }}</button></div>
 
     <div v-if="canMigrate || canConvert || canCopy" class="agenda-command-actions" data-testid="agenda-commands">
-      <n-button v-if="canMigrate" quaternary size="small" @click="openMigrate">迁移产出</n-button>
-      <n-popconfirm v-if="canConvert" positive-text="确认" negative-text="取消" @positive-click="convertToQuestion">
+      <n-button v-if="canMigrate" quaternary size="small" @click="openMigrate">{{ tr('迁移产出', 'Migrate Outcomes') }}</n-button>
+      <n-popconfirm v-if="canConvert" :positive-text="tr('确认', 'Confirm')" :negative-text="tr('取消', 'Cancel')" @positive-click="convertToQuestion">
         <template #trigger>
-          <n-button quaternary size="small" :loading="converting" :disabled="converting">转为开放问题</n-button>
+          <n-button quaternary size="small" :loading="converting" :disabled="converting">{{ tr('转为开放问题', 'To Question') }}</n-button>
         </template>
-        转为开放问题后，议题标题会成为一条待跟进的开放问题。
+        {{ tr('转为开放问题后，议题标题会成为一条待跟进的开放问题。', 'Converting turns the agenda title into an open question for follow-up.') }}
       </n-popconfirm>
-      <n-button v-if="canCopy" quaternary size="small" @click="openCopy">复制到其他会议</n-button>
+      <n-button v-if="canCopy" quaternary size="small" @click="openCopy">{{ tr('复制到其他会议', 'Copy to Meeting') }}</n-button>
     </div>
 
-    <section class="agenda-outcomes"><header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Outcomes</p><h2>本议题产出</h2></div><div v-if="canContribute" class="outcome-action-group" data-testid="outcome-actions"><button class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="composer = 'decision'">+ 决策</button><button class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="composer = 'action'">+ 行动</button><button class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="composer = 'question'">+ 开放问题</button></div></header>
+    <section class="agenda-outcomes"><header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Outcomes</p><h2>{{ tr('本议题产出', 'Topic Outcomes') }}</h2></div><div v-if="canContribute" class="outcome-action-group" data-testid="outcome-actions"><button class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="composer = 'decision'">{{ tr('+ 决策', '+ Decision') }}</button><button class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="composer = 'action'">{{ tr('+ 行动', '+ Action') }}</button><button class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="composer = 'question'">{{ tr('+ 开放问题', '+ Question') }}</button></div></header>
       <OutcomeComposer v-if="canContribute && composer" :mode="composer" :meeting="meeting" :item="item" @close="composer = null" @saved="emit('changed')" />
       <div class="outcome-list">
         <article
@@ -529,7 +542,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           @mouseenter="hoveredOutcomeId = decision.id"
           @mouseleave="hoveredOutcomeId = null"
         >
-          <span>{{ decision.is_derived ? '来自议题记录' : '决策' }}</span>
+          <span>{{ decision.is_derived ? tr('来自议题记录', 'From Notes') : tr('决策', 'Decision') }}</span>
           <strong>{{ decision.title }}</strong>
         </article>
 
@@ -544,14 +557,14 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           @mouseenter="hoveredOutcomeId = action.id"
           @mouseleave="hoveredOutcomeId = null"
         >
-          <span>{{ action.is_derived ? '来自议题记录' : '行动' }}</span>
+          <span>{{ action.is_derived ? tr('来自议题记录', 'From Notes') : tr('行动', 'Action') }}</span>
           <div class="outcome-action-content">
             <button
               type="button"
               class="action-checkbox-btn"
               :class="[`status-${action.status}`]"
               :disabled="!canContribute"
-              title="切换完成状态"
+              :title="tr('切换完成状态', 'Toggle completion')"
               @click="toggleActionStatus(action)"
             >
               <span v-if="action.status === 'done'" class="action-check-icon"><Check :size="12" :stroke-width="3" /></span>
@@ -560,13 +573,13 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             <strong :class="{ 'text-strikethrough': action.status === 'done' }">{{ action.content }}</strong>
             <div class="action-tags-inline">
               <span v-if="action.owner" class="action-user-pill">@{{ action.owner.display_name }}</span>
-              <span v-if="action.due_date" class="action-date-pill">截止 {{ action.due_date }}</span>
+              <span v-if="action.due_date" class="action-date-pill">{{ tr('截止', 'Due') }} {{ action.due_date }}</span>
               <button
                 type="button"
                 class="action-status-pill-btn"
                 :class="[`pill-${action.status}`]"
                 :disabled="!canContribute"
-                title="点击切换状态"
+                :title="tr('点击切换状态', 'Click to cycle status')"
                 @click="cycleActionStatus(action)"
               >
                 {{ actionStatusLabel(action.status) }}
@@ -582,45 +595,45 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           @mouseenter="hoveredOutcomeId = question.id"
           @mouseleave="hoveredOutcomeId = null"
         >
-          <span>{{ question.is_derived ? '来自议题记录' : '问题' }}</span>
+          <span>{{ question.is_derived ? tr('来自议题记录', 'From Notes') : tr('问题', 'Question') }}</span>
           <strong>{{ question.question_markdown }}</strong>
         </article>
-        <p v-if="!item.decisions.length && !item.actions.length && !item.open_questions.length" class="empty-inline">讨论结果会在这里形成可追踪的链条。</p>
+        <p v-if="!item.decisions.length && !item.actions.length && !item.open_questions.length" class="empty-inline">{{ tr('讨论结果会在这里形成可追踪的链条。', 'Decisions, actions, and questions captured during discussion appear here.') }}</p>
       </div>
     </section>
 
     <section class="agenda-attachments" data-testid="agenda-attachments">
-      <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Attachments</p><h2>议题附件</h2></div></header>
+      <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Attachments</p><h2>{{ tr('议题附件', 'Attachments') }}</h2></div></header>
       <AttachmentPanel target-type="agenda_item" :target-id="item.id" :attachments="attachments" :can-contribute="canContribute" @uploaded="onAttachmentUploaded" @deleted="onAttachmentDeleted" />
     </section>
 
-    <footer v-if="canContribute && item.status === 'in_progress'" class="agenda-flow-actions" data-testid="flow-actions"><button class="button button-primary" :disabled="saving" @click="complete">完成议题并进入下一项</button></footer>
+    <footer v-if="canContribute && item.status === 'in_progress'" class="agenda-flow-actions" data-testid="flow-actions"><button class="button button-primary" :disabled="saving" @click="complete">{{ tr('完成议题并进入下一项', 'Complete & Next') }}</button></footer>
     <VersionConflictDialog v-if="conflict" :local-markdown="draft.notes_markdown" :server-markdown="conflict.server" :actual-version="conflict.version" @close="conflict = null" @reload="reloadFromServer" @overwrite="save" />
 
     <n-drawer :show="migrateOpen" placement="right" :width="'min(560px, 100vw)'" :mask-closable="!migrateSaving" @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value && !migrateSaving) migrateOpen = false }">
-      <n-drawer-content title="迁移产出" closable>
-        <p class="muted">把“{{ item.title }}”的直接产出移动到同一会议的另一项议题。</p>
-        <label class="agenda-command-field">目标议题
-          <n-select v-model:value="migrateTargetId" class="migrate-target-select" :options="migrateOptions" :disabled="migrateSaving" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '目标议题' }" placeholder="选择目标议题" />
+      <n-drawer-content :title="tr('迁移产出', 'Migrate Outcomes')" closable>
+        <p class="muted">{{ tr(`把“${item.title}”的直接产出移动到同一会议的另一项议题。`, `Move direct outcomes from "${item.title}" to another agenda item in this meeting.`) }}</p>
+        <label class="agenda-command-field">{{ tr('目标议题', 'Target Agenda') }}
+          <n-select v-model:value="migrateTargetId" class="migrate-target-select" :options="migrateOptions" :disabled="migrateSaving" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('目标议题', 'Target Agenda') }" :placeholder="tr('选择目标议题', 'Select target agenda')" />
         </label>
         <p v-if="migrateError" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ migrateError }}</p>
         <template #footer>
-          <n-button quaternary :disabled="migrateSaving" @click="migrateOpen = false">取消</n-button>
-          <n-button type="primary" :loading="migrateSaving" :disabled="migrateSaving" @click="submitMigrate">确认迁移</n-button>
+          <n-button quaternary :disabled="migrateSaving" @click="migrateOpen = false">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button type="primary" :loading="migrateSaving" :disabled="migrateSaving" @click="submitMigrate">{{ tr('确认迁移', 'Confirm Migration') }}</n-button>
         </template>
       </n-drawer-content>
     </n-drawer>
 
     <n-drawer :show="copyOpen" placement="right" :width="'min(560px, 100vw)'" :mask-closable="!copySaving" @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value && !copySaving) copyOpen = false }">
-      <n-drawer-content title="复制到其他会议" closable>
-        <p class="muted">只有已跳过的议题可以复制到之后的会议。</p>
-        <label class="agenda-command-field">目标会议
-          <n-select v-model:value="copyTargetId" class="copy-target-select" :options="copyOptions.map((option) => ({ label: option.title, value: option.id }))" :loading="copyLoading" :disabled="copySaving" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '目标会议' }" placeholder="选择目标会议" />
+      <n-drawer-content :title="tr('复制到其他会议', 'Copy to Meeting')" closable>
+        <p class="muted">{{ tr('只有已跳过的议题可以复制到之后的会议。', 'Only skipped agenda items can be copied to another meeting.') }}</p>
+        <label class="agenda-command-field">{{ tr('目标会议', 'Target Meeting') }}
+          <n-select v-model:value="copyTargetId" class="copy-target-select" :options="copyOptions.map((option) => ({ label: option.title, value: option.id }))" :loading="copyLoading" :disabled="copySaving" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('目标会议', 'Target Meeting') }" :placeholder="tr('选择目标会议', 'Select target meeting')" />
         </label>
         <p v-if="copyError" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ copyError }}</p>
         <template #footer>
-          <n-button quaternary :disabled="copySaving" @click="copyOpen = false">取消</n-button>
-          <n-button type="primary" :loading="copySaving" :disabled="copySaving || copyLoading" @click="submitCopy">确认复制</n-button>
+          <n-button quaternary :disabled="copySaving" @click="copyOpen = false">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button type="primary" :loading="copySaving" :disabled="copySaving || copyLoading" @click="submitCopy">{{ tr('确认复制', 'Confirm Copy') }}</n-button>
         </template>
       </n-drawer-content>
     </n-drawer>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AgendaQueue.vue b/frontend/src/components/AgendaQueue.vue
index 1bfdb24..552087a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AgendaQueue.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AgendaQueue.vue
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 import { api, ApiError } from '../api/client'
 import type { Page } from '../api/contracts'
 import type { AgendaItem, AgendaType, Meeting } from '../domain/meetings'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
+
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 
 type MeetingOption = { id: string; title: string; version: number }
 
@@ -210,15 +213,15 @@ function menuOptions(item: AgendaItem) {
       class: ['agenda-menu-item', danger && 'agenda-menu-item--danger'],
     }, label),
   })
-  const options = [option('edit', '编辑详情')]
+  const options = [option('edit', tr('编辑详情', 'Edit Details'))]
   if (canRunFlowCommand(item)) {
     options.push(
-      option('skip', '跳过'),
-      option('cancel', '取消议题'),
-      option('move', '移动议题'),
+      option('skip', tr('跳过', 'Skip')),
+      option('cancel', tr('取消议题', 'Cancel Agenda')),
+      option('move', tr('移动议题', 'Move Agenda')),
     )
   }
-  options.push(option('delete', '删除议题', true))
+  options.push(option('delete', tr('删除议题', 'Delete Agenda'), true))
   return options
 }
 
@@ -239,17 +242,17 @@ function onMenuSelect(item: AgendaItem, key: string) {
 
 <template>
   <aside class="agenda-queue" data-testid="agenda-queue">
-    <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Agenda</p><h2>议题队列</h2></div><button v-if="canContribute" class="button button-small button-primary" @click="adding = !adding">{{ adding ? '收起' : '+ 议题' }}</button></header>
+    <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Agenda</p><h2>{{ tr('议题队列', 'Agenda Queue') }}</h2></div><button v-if="canContribute" class="button button-small button-primary" @click="adding = !adding">{{ adding ? tr('收起', 'Close') : tr('+ 议题', '+ Agenda') }}</button></header>
     <form v-if="canContribute && adding" class="agenda-add-form" @submit.prevent="addAgenda">
-      <label>议题标题<input v-model="title" required /></label>
-      <label>类型<select v-model="agendaType"><option value="information">信息同步</option><option value="discussion">讨论</option><option value="decision">决策</option></select></label>
-      <label>预计时长（分钟）<input v-model.number="estimatedMinutes" type="number" min="1" max="480" required /></label>
-      <button class="button button-small button-primary" :disabled="saving">插入队尾</button>
+      <label>{{ tr('议题标题', 'Agenda Title') }}<input v-model="title" required /></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('类型', 'Type') }}<select v-model="agendaType"><option value="information">{{ tr('信息同步', 'Info Sync') }}</option><option value="discussion">{{ tr('讨论', 'Discussion') }}</option><option value="decision">{{ tr('决策', 'Decision') }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('预计时长（分钟）', 'Duration (min)') }}<input v-model.number="estimatedMinutes" type="number" min="1" max="480" required /></label>
+      <button class="button button-small button-primary" :disabled="saving">{{ tr('插入队尾', 'Add to Queue') }}</button>
     </form>
     <p v-if="error || openError" class="notice notice-error">{{ error || openError }}</p>
     <div class="agenda-queue-list">
       <article v-for="(item, index) in ordered" :key="item.id" :data-testid="`agenda-row-${item.id}`" class="agenda-queue-row" :class="[{ selected: item.id === selectedId }, `agenda-status-${item.status}`]" :draggable="canContribute && !meetingLocked" @dragstart="startDrag(item.id)" @dragover.prevent @drop.prevent="dropOn(item.id)">
-        <button class="agenda-select" :disabled="Boolean(openingId)" @click="emit('select', item.id)"><span class="agenda-index">{{ index + 1 }}</span><span><strong>{{ item.title }}</strong><small>{{ statusLabel('agenda', item.status) }} · {{ item.estimated_minutes ?? '—' }} 分钟</small></span></button>
+        <button class="agenda-select" :disabled="Boolean(openingId)" @click="emit('select', item.id)"><span class="agenda-index">{{ index + 1 }}</span><span><strong>{{ item.title }}</strong><small>{{ statusLabel('agenda', item.status) }} · {{ item.estimated_minutes ?? '—' }} {{ tr('分钟', 'min') }}</small></span></button>
         <div v-if="canContribute && !meetingLocked" class="agenda-menu">
           <n-dropdown
             trigger="click"
@@ -258,31 +261,31 @@ function onMenuSelect(item: AgendaItem, key: string) {
             @update:show="(value: boolean) => onMenuShow(item, value)"
             @select="(key: string | number) => onMenuSelect(item, String(key))"
           >
-            <button class="agenda-menu-trigger" :aria-label="`议题“${item.title}”的更多操作`" :aria-expanded="menuId === item.id">
+            <button class="agenda-menu-trigger" :aria-label="tr(`议题“${item.title}”的更多操作`, `More actions for ${item.title}`)" :aria-expanded="menuId === item.id">
               <n-icon><MoreHorizontal :size="18" /></n-icon>
             </button>
           </n-dropdown>
           <n-popconfirm
             v-if="skipTargetId === item.id"
             :show="true"
-            positive-text="确认"
-            negative-text="取消"
+            :positive-text="tr('确认', 'Confirm')"
+            :negative-text="tr('取消', 'Cancel')"
             @positive-click="skip(item)"
             @negative-click="skipTargetId = ''"
           >
             <template #trigger><span class="agenda-menu-anchor" aria-hidden="true" /></template>
-            确定跳过议题“{{ item.title }}”吗？
+            {{ tr(`确定跳过议题“${item.title}”吗？`, `Skip agenda item "${item.title}"?`) }}
           </n-popconfirm>
         </div>
-        <div v-if="canContribute && guardedId === item.id" class="agenda-guard"><button class="button button-small button-danger" @click="command(item, 'cancel')">改为取消</button><span>产出迁移将在会议工作台中处理</span></div>
+        <div v-if="canContribute && guardedId === item.id" class="agenda-guard"><button class="button button-small button-danger" @click="command(item, 'cancel')">{{ tr('改为取消', 'Cancel Instead') }}</button><span>{{ tr('产出迁移将在会议工作台中处理', 'Outcome migration is handled in the workbench') }}</span></div>
       </article>
     </div>
-    <p v-if="!ordered.length" class="empty-inline">队列为空</p>
+    <p v-if="!ordered.length" class="empty-inline">{{ tr('队列为空', 'Queue is empty') }}</p>
 
     <n-drawer :show="moveOpen" placement="right" :width="'min(560px, 100vw)'" :mask-closable="!moveSaving" @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value && !moveSaving) moveOpen = false }">
-      <n-drawer-content title="移动议题" closable>
-        <p class="muted">把“{{ moveTarget?.title ?? '' }}”移动到同项目的另一场会议。</p>
-        <label class="move-field">目标会议
+      <n-drawer-content :title="tr('移动议题', 'Move Agenda')" closable>
+        <p class="muted">{{ tr(`把“${moveTarget?.title ?? ''}”移动到同项目的另一场会议。`, `Move "${moveTarget?.title ?? ''}" to another meeting in this project.`) }}</p>
+        <label class="move-field">{{ tr('目标会议', 'Target Meeting') }}
           <n-select
             v-model:value="moveForm.target_meeting_id"
             class="move-target-select"
@@ -290,17 +293,17 @@ function onMenuSelect(item: AgendaItem, key: string) {
             :loading="moveLoading"
             :disabled="moveSaving"
             :virtual-scroll="false"
-            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '目标会议' }"
-            placeholder="选择目标会议"
+            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('目标会议', 'Target Meeting') }"
+            :placeholder="tr('选择目标会议', 'Select target meeting')"
           />
         </label>
-        <label class="move-field">位置（可选，从 0 开始）
-          <n-input-number v-model:value="moveForm.position" :min="0" :max="500" :disabled="moveSaving" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '位置' }" placeholder="留空则排在队尾" />
+        <label class="move-field">{{ tr('位置（可选，从 0 开始）', 'Position (optional, 0-based)') }}
+          <n-input-number v-model:value="moveForm.position" :min="0" :max="500" :disabled="moveSaving" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('位置', 'Position') }" :placeholder="tr('留空则排在队尾', 'Leave empty to append')" />
         </label>
         <p v-if="moveError" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ moveError }}</p>
         <template #footer>
-          <n-button quaternary :disabled="moveSaving" @click="moveOpen = false">取消</n-button>
-          <n-button type="primary" :loading="moveSaving" :disabled="moveSaving || moveLoading" @click="submitMove">确认移动</n-button>
+          <n-button quaternary :disabled="moveSaving" @click="moveOpen = false">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button type="primary" :loading="moveSaving" :disabled="moveSaving || moveLoading" @click="submitMove">{{ tr('确认移动', 'Confirm Move') }}</n-button>
         </template>
       </n-drawer-content>
     </n-drawer>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AgendaWorkbench.vue b/frontend/src/components/AgendaWorkbench.vue
index 64dbad2..9ac2913 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AgendaWorkbench.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AgendaWorkbench.vue
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import type { AgendaItem, Meeting } from '../domain/meetings'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import AgendaDetail from './AgendaDetail.vue'
 import AgendaQueue from './AgendaQueue.vue'
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const props = defineProps<{
   meeting: Meeting
   canContribute: boolean
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ defineExpose({ flushCurrentDraft })
     <Transition name="agenda-detail" mode="out-in">
       <AgendaDetail v-if="selected" :key="selected.id" ref="detail" :meeting="meeting" :item="selected" :can-contribute="canContribute" @changed="emit('reload')" @advance="advance" />
       <div v-else class="agenda-empty-compact" data-testid="agenda-detail">
-        <div><p class="eyebrow">Current topic</p><h2>还没有议题</h2><p>从右侧队列添加本次会议的第一个议题。</p></div>
+        <div><p class="eyebrow">Current topic</p><h2>{{ tr('还没有议题', 'No agenda items yet') }}</h2><p>{{ tr('从右侧队列添加本次会议的第一个议题。', 'Add the first agenda item for this meeting from the queue on the right.') }}</p></div>
       </div>
     </Transition>
     <AgendaQueue :meeting="meeting" :can-contribute="canContribute" :selected-id="selectedId" :opening-id="openingId" :open-error="openError" @select="openAgenda" @changed="emit('reload')" />
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue b/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue
index e3fab86..9521f79 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue
@@ -10,25 +10,28 @@ import { RouterLink, useRoute } from 'vue-router'
 
 import { session } from '../auth/session'
 import { unreadCount } from '../composables/useInboxUnread'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 
 type NavigationLink = { to: string; label: string; icon: Component }
 type MenuOverrides = NonNullable<GlobalThemeOverrides['Menu']>
 
-const workspaceLinks: NavigationLink[] = [
-  { to: '/', label: '为你', icon: House },
-  { to: '/projects', label: '项目', icon: FolderKanban },
-  { to: '/meetings', label: '会议', icon: CalendarDays },
-  { to: '/actions', label: '行动项', icon: SquareCheckBig },
-  { to: '/decisions', label: '决策', icon: Gavel },
-  { to: '/inbox', label: '收件箱', icon: Inbox },
-  { to: '/ai-tasks', label: 'AI 任务', icon: Bot },
-]
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 
-const adminLinks: NavigationLink[] = [
-  { to: '/admin/users', label: '用户', icon: UsersRound },
-  { to: '/admin/plugins', label: '插件', icon: Puzzle },
-  { to: '/account', label: '设置', icon: Settings },
-]
+const workspaceLinks = computed<NavigationLink[]>(() => [
+  { to: '/', label: tr('为你', 'For You'), icon: House },
+  { to: '/projects', label: tr('项目', 'Projects'), icon: FolderKanban },
+  { to: '/meetings', label: tr('会议', 'Meetings'), icon: CalendarDays },
+  { to: '/actions', label: tr('行动项', 'Actions'), icon: SquareCheckBig },
+  { to: '/decisions', label: tr('决策', 'Decisions'), icon: Gavel },
+  { to: '/inbox', label: tr('收件箱', 'Inbox'), icon: Inbox },
+  { to: '/ai-tasks', label: tr('AI 任务', 'AI Tasks'), icon: Bot },
+])
+
+const adminLinks = computed<NavigationLink[]>(() => [
+  { to: '/admin/users', label: tr('用户', 'Users'), icon: UsersRound },
+  { to: '/admin/plugins', label: tr('插件', 'Plugins'), icon: Puzzle },
+  { to: '/account', label: tr('设置', 'Settings'), icon: Settings },
+])
 
 // NMenu paints its own inline theme variables, so the dark sidebar needs its own overrides
 // instead of the CSS variable cascade (brand colours stay in styles.css).
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ const route = useRoute()
 const activeKey = computed(() => {
   const path = route.path
   if (path === '/') return '/'
-  const match = [...workspaceLinks, ...adminLinks].find(
+  const match = [...workspaceLinks.value, ...adminLinks.value].find(
     (link) => link.to !== '/' && (path === link.to || path.startsWith(`${link.to}/`)),
   )
   return match?.to ?? null
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ function renderNavIcon(icon: Component): VNodeChild {
 }
 
 function renderLabel(option: MenuOption): VNodeChild {
-  const link = [...workspaceLinks, ...adminLinks].find((item) => item.to === option.key)
+  const link = [...workspaceLinks.value, ...adminLinks.value].find((item) => item.to === option.key)
   if (!link) return typeof option.label === 'string' ? option.label : null
   // The icon lives inside the anchor so the whole item is one link target (the existing tests
   // assert every navigation link contains its svg).
@@ -82,11 +85,11 @@ function renderLabel(option: MenuOption): VNodeChild {
 }
 
 const workspaceOptions = computed<MenuOption[]>(() =>
-  workspaceLinks.map((link) => ({ key: link.to, label: link.label })),
+  workspaceLinks.value.map((link) => ({ key: link.to, label: link.label })),
 )
 
 const adminOptions = computed<MenuOption[]>(() =>
-  adminLinks.map((link) => ({ key: link.to, label: link.label })),
+  adminLinks.value.map((link) => ({ key: link.to, label: link.label })),
 )
 </script>
 
@@ -99,9 +102,9 @@ const adminOptions = computed<MenuOption[]>(() =>
   >
     <RouterLink class="workspace-brand" to="/">
       <span class="brand-mark brand-mark-small">M</span>
-      <span><strong>MeetFlow</strong><small>团队会议工作区</small></span>
+      <span><strong>MeetFlow</strong><small>{{ tr('团队会议工作区', 'Team Workspace') }}</small></span>
     </RouterLink>
-    <nav class="sidebar-nav" aria-label="工作区导航">
+    <nav class="sidebar-nav" :aria-label="tr('工作区导航', 'Workspace navigation')">
       <NMenu
         inverted
         :options="workspaceOptions"
@@ -110,8 +113,8 @@ const adminOptions = computed<MenuOption[]>(() =>
         :render-label="renderLabel"
       />
     </nav>
-    <nav v-if="session.user?.role === 'admin'" class="sidebar-nav sidebar-admin" aria-label="管理员导航">
-      <p>管理员</p>
+    <nav v-if="session.user?.role === 'admin'" class="sidebar-nav sidebar-admin" :aria-label="tr('管理员导航', 'Admin navigation')">
+      <p>{{ tr('管理员', 'Admin') }}</p>
       <NMenu
         inverted
         :options="adminOptions"
@@ -122,3 +125,4 @@ const adminOptions = computed<MenuOption[]>(() =>
     </nav>
   </NLayoutSider>
 </template>
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AttachmentPanel.vue b/frontend/src/components/AttachmentPanel.vue
index b44b61e..6b40d75 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AttachmentPanel.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AttachmentPanel.vue
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import type { Attachment } from '../domain/meetings'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
   targetType?: 'project' | 'meeting' | 'agenda_item'
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
   canContribute: boolean
 }>(), { targetType: 'meeting' })
 const emit = defineEmits<{ uploaded: [attachment: Attachment]; deleted: [id: string] }>()
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const message = useMessage()
 const selected = ref<File | null>(null)
 const busy = ref(false)
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ function formatSize(bytes: number) {
 async function upload() {
   if (!props.canContribute || !selected.value || busy.value) return
   if (selected.value.size > maxBytes) {
-    error.value = '单个附件不能超过 20 MB'
+    error.value = tr('单个附件不能超过 20 MB', 'Each attachment cannot exceed 20 MB')
     return
   }
   busy.value = true
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ async function upload() {
     selected.value = null
     emit('uploaded', attachment)
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '附件上传失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('附件上传失败', 'Failed to upload attachment'))
   } finally {
     busy.value = false
   }
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ async function remove(attachment: Attachment) {
     await api(`/api/attachments/${attachment.target_type}/${attachment.target_id}/${attachment.id}`, { method: 'DELETE' })
     emit('deleted', attachment.id)
   } catch (reason) {
-    message.error(errorMessage(reason, '附件删除失败'))
+    message.error(errorMessage(reason, tr('附件删除失败', 'Failed to delete attachment')))
   } finally {
     busy.value = false
   }
@@ -73,17 +75,17 @@ async function remove(attachment: Attachment) {
 <template>
   <div class="attachment-panel">
     <div v-if="canContribute" class="upload-box">
-      <div><strong>添加图片或文件</strong><p>单个附件不超过 20 MB</p></div>
+      <div><strong>{{ tr('添加图片或文件', 'Add images or files') }}</strong><p>{{ tr('单个附件不超过 20 MB', 'Max 20 MB per file') }}</p></div>
       <n-upload
         :show-file-list="false"
         :default-upload="false"
         :disabled="busy"
-        :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '上传附件' }"
+        :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('上传附件', 'Upload attachment') }"
         @change="pick"
       >
-        <n-button quaternary :disabled="busy">{{ selected?.name ?? '选择文件' }}</n-button>
+        <n-button quaternary :disabled="busy">{{ selected?.name ?? tr('选择文件', 'Choose File') }}</n-button>
       </n-upload>
-      <n-button type="primary" :loading="busy" :disabled="!selected || busy" @click="upload">上传</n-button>
+      <n-button type="primary" :loading="busy" :disabled="!selected || busy" @click="upload">{{ tr('上传', 'Upload') }}</n-button>
     </div>
     <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</p>
     <div v-if="attachments.length" class="attachment-grid">
@@ -92,14 +94,14 @@ async function remove(attachment: Attachment) {
         <div v-else class="file-glyph" aria-hidden="true"><n-icon :size="24"><FileText /></n-icon></div>
         <div class="attachment-meta"><strong :title="attachment.original_name">{{ attachment.original_name }}</strong><span>{{ formatSize(attachment.size) }} · {{ attachment.created_by.display_name }}</span></div>
         <div class="row-actions">
-          <a class="button button-small button-quiet" :href="fileUrl(attachment)" download>下载</a>
-          <n-popconfirm v-if="attachment.can_delete" positive-text="确认" negative-text="取消" @positive-click="remove(attachment)">
-            <template #trigger><n-button size="small" type="error" quaternary :disabled="busy">删除</n-button></template>
-            确定删除附件“{{ attachment.original_name }}”吗？
+          <a class="button button-small button-quiet" :href="fileUrl(attachment)" download>{{ tr('下载', 'Download') }}</a>
+          <n-popconfirm v-if="attachment.can_delete" :positive-text="tr('确认', 'Confirm')" :negative-text="tr('取消', 'Cancel')" @positive-click="remove(attachment)">
+            <template #trigger><n-button size="small" type="error" quaternary :disabled="busy">{{ tr('删除', 'Delete') }}</n-button></template>
+            {{ tr(`确定删除附件“${attachment.original_name}”吗？`, `Delete attachment "${attachment.original_name}"?`) }}
           </n-popconfirm>
         </div>
       </article>
     </div>
-    <p v-else class="empty-state">还没有附件</p>
+    <p v-else class="empty-state">{{ tr('还没有附件', 'No attachments yet') }}</p>
   </div>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AttentionCard.vue b/frontend/src/components/AttentionCard.vue
index 5794145..a24c35a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AttentionCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AttentionCard.vue
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { NIcon, NThing } from 'naive-ui'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 import { RouterLink } from 'vue-router'
 
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { subjectHref } from '../utils/links'
 
 export type AttentionItem = {
@@ -18,27 +19,31 @@ export type AttentionItem = {
 }
 
 const props = defineProps<{ item: AttentionItem }>()
-
-const reasonLabels: Record<string, string> = {
-  action_overdue: '已逾期',
-  action_due_soon: '即将到期',
-  action_assigned: '分配给我',
-  decision_review_pending: '等待我的评审',
-  decision_review_requested: '请求我评审',
-  comment_mention: '提到了我',
-  comment_reply: '有新回复',
-  meeting_needs_preparation: '需要准备',
-  meeting_upcoming: '即将开始',
+const { tr } = useI18n()
+
+const reasonLabel = (reason: string) => {
+  const map: Record<string, string> = {
+    action_overdue: tr('已逾期', 'Overdue'),
+    action_due_soon: tr('即将到期', 'Due soon'),
+    action_assigned: tr('分配给我', 'Assigned to me'),
+    decision_review_pending: tr('等待我的评审', 'Awaiting my review'),
+    decision_review_requested: tr('请求我评审', 'Review requested'),
+    comment_mention: tr('提到了我', 'Mentioned me'),
+    comment_reply: tr('有新回复', 'New reply'),
+    meeting_needs_preparation: tr('需要准备', 'Needs prep'),
+    meeting_upcoming: tr('即将开始', 'Upcoming'),
+  }
+  return map[reason] ?? reason
 }
 
 const href = computed(() => subjectHref(props.item.subject_type, props.item.subject_id))
 
 const kindLabel = computed(() =>
-  props.item.subject_type === 'meeting' ? '会议' : props.item.subject_type === 'decision' ? '决策' : '行动',
+  props.item.subject_type === 'meeting' ? tr('会议', 'Meeting') : props.item.subject_type === 'decision' ? tr('决策', 'Decision') : tr('行动', 'Action'),
 )
 
 const reasonText = computed(() =>
-  props.item.reasons.map((reason) => reasonLabels[reason] ?? reason).join(' · '),
+  props.item.reasons.map((reason) => reasonLabel(reason)).join(' · '),
 )
 </script>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/CalendarSubscriptionModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/CalendarSubscriptionModal.vue
index 18d7965..e1791c4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/CalendarSubscriptionModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/CalendarSubscriptionModal.vue
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 import { ref, watch } from 'vue'
 import { NButton, NInput, NModal, useMessage } from 'naive-ui'
 import { api } from '../api/client'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 
 const props = defineProps<{ show: boolean }>()
 const emit = defineEmits<{ 'update:show': [value: boolean] }>()
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 
 const loading = ref(false)
 const error = ref('')
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ async function loadFeedUrl() {
     const origin = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window.location.origin : ''
     feedUrl.value = data.full_feed_url || `${origin}${data.feed_url}`
   } catch (caught) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(caught, '日历订阅链接获取失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(caught, tr('日历订阅链接获取失败', 'Failed to load calendar feed URL'))
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -47,52 +49,52 @@ async function copyUrl() {
       input.remove()
     }
     copied.value = true
-    message.success('订阅链接已复制到剪贴板')
+    message.success(tr('订阅链接已复制到剪贴板', 'Subscription URL copied to clipboard'))
     setTimeout(() => { copied.value = false }, 2000)
   } catch {
-    message.warning('复制失败，请手动选择复制')
+    message.warning(tr('复制失败，请手动选择复制', 'Copy failed, please select and copy manually'))
   }
 }
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <n-modal :show="props.show" preset="card" title="订阅个人日程与待办 (iCal)" style="width: min(580px, 94vw);" :mask-closable="true" @update:show="(val: boolean) => emit('update:show', val)">
+  <n-modal :show="props.show" preset="card" :title="tr('订阅个人日程与待办 (iCal)', 'Subscribe to Personal Calendar & Tasks (iCal)')" style="width: min(580px, 94vw);" :mask-closable="true" @update:show="(val: boolean) => emit('update:show', val)">
     <div class="calendar-modal-content">
       <p class="calendar-modal-desc">
-        通过标准 RFC 5545 iCalendar 订阅源，自动将您负责的<strong>待办行动项</strong>与<strong>参会日程</strong>单向同步至个人日历工具（支持 Apple 日历、Google Calendar、Outlook 等）。
+        {{ tr('通过标准 RFC 5545 iCalendar 订阅源，自动将您负责的待办行动项与参会日程单向同步至个人日历工具（支持 Apple 日历、Google Calendar、Outlook 等）。', 'Sync your assigned action items and meeting schedule to your personal calendar via a standard RFC 5545 iCalendar feed (Apple Calendar, Google Calendar, Outlook).') }}
       </p>
 
-      <div v-if="loading" class="calendar-loading">正在生成专属订阅令牌…</div>
+      <div v-if="loading" class="calendar-loading">{{ tr('正在生成专属订阅令牌…', 'Generating private subscription token…') }}</div>
       <div v-else-if="error" class="notice notice-error">{{ error }}</div>
       <div v-else class="calendar-feed-box">
-        <label class="feed-label">您的私有订阅链接（请勿泄露）：</label>
+        <label class="feed-label">{{ tr('您的私有订阅链接（请勿泄露）：', 'Your private feed URL (do not share):') }}</label>
         <div class="feed-input-group">
-          <n-input :value="feedUrl" readonly :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '日历订阅链接' }" placeholder="订阅链接" />
+          <n-input :value="feedUrl" readonly :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('日历订阅链接', 'Calendar subscription URL') }" :placeholder="tr('订阅链接', 'Subscription URL')" />
           <n-button type="primary" :disabled="!feedUrl" @click="copyUrl">
-            {{ copied ? '已复制' : '复制链接' }}
+            {{ copied ? tr('已复制', 'Copied') : tr('复制链接', 'Copy URL') }}
           </n-button>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="calendar-guide-section">
-        <h4>快速配置指南</h4>
+        <h4>{{ tr('快速配置指南', 'Quick Setup Guide') }}</h4>
         <div class="guide-item">
-          <strong>🍎 Apple 日历 (Mac / iOS)</strong>
-          <span>文件 ➔ 新建日历订阅 ➔ 粘贴上方链接 ➔ 自动刷新建议选择“每小时”。</span>
+          <strong>🍎 {{ tr('Apple 日历 (Mac / iOS)', 'Apple Calendar (Mac / iOS)') }}</strong>
+          <span>{{ tr('文件 ➔ 新建日历订阅 ➔ 粘贴上方链接 ➔ 自动刷新建议选择“每小时”。', 'File ➔ New Calendar Subscription ➔ Paste URL ➔ Set Auto-refresh to Every Hour.') }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="guide-item">
           <strong>📅 Google Calendar</strong>
-          <span>其他日历旁点击 “+” ➔ 通过网址添加 ➔ 粘贴链接 ➔ 添加日历。</span>
+          <span>{{ tr('其他日历旁点击 “+” ➔ 通过网址添加 ➔ 粘贴链接 ➔ 添加日历。', 'Click "+" next to Other calendars ➔ From URL ➔ Paste URL ➔ Add calendar.') }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="guide-item">
           <strong>📧 Microsoft Outlook</strong>
-          <span>添加日历 ➔ 从 Web 订阅 ➔ 粘贴链接并保存。</span>
+          <span>{{ tr('添加日历 ➔ 从 Web 订阅 ➔ 粘贴链接并保存。', 'Add calendar ➔ Subscribe from web ➔ Paste URL and save.') }}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
     <template #footer>
       <div class="row-actions">
-        <n-button quaternary @click="emit('update:show', false)">关闭</n-button>
+        <n-button quaternary @click="emit('update:show', false)">{{ tr('关闭', 'Close') }}</n-button>
       </div>
     </template>
   </n-modal>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/FocusMode.vue b/frontend/src/components/FocusMode.vue
index 755feb6..4785ac5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/FocusMode.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/FocusMode.vue
@@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ import { parseUtcTimestamp } from '../utils/time'
 import MarkdownEditor from './MarkdownEditor.vue'
 import type { MarkdownEditorHandle } from './MarkdownEditor.vue'
 import OutcomeComposer from './OutcomeComposer.vue'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { Check, ChevronLeft, ChevronRight } from '@lucide/vue'
 
+const { locale, tr } = useI18n()
+
 const props = defineProps<{
   show: boolean
   meeting: Meeting
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ async function smartExtractFocusNotes() {
   extracting.value = true
   try {
     const flushed = typeof notesEditor.value?.flush === 'function' ? notesEditor.value.flush() : localNotes.value
-    const structured = smartStructureAgendaNotes(flushed, currentItem.value.title)
+    const structured = smartStructureAgendaNotes(flushed, currentItem.value.title, locale.value)
     localNotes.value = structured
     const res = await ingestMeetingNotes(props.meeting.id, {
       agenda_item_id: currentItem.value.id,
@@ -221,7 +224,11 @@ async function smartExtractFocusNotes() {
     const decisions = res.decisions ?? res.extracted?.decisions ?? 0
     const actions = res.actions ?? res.extracted?.actions ?? 0
     const questions = res.questions ?? res.extracted?.questions ?? 0
-    message.success(`已智能提炼 ${decisions} 项决策、${actions} 项行动、${questions} 项开放问题`)
+    message.success(
+      locale.value === 'en'
+        ? `Extracted ${decisions} decisions, ${actions} actions, and ${questions} open questions`
+        : `已智能提炼 ${decisions} 项决策、${actions} 项行动、${questions} 项开放问题`,
+    )
     emit('reload')
   } catch (caught) {
     message.error(errorMessage(caught, 'AI 提炼失败，请检查笔记标签格式'))
@@ -255,7 +262,11 @@ async function toggleActionStatus(action: ActionItem, targetStatus?: ActionStatu
     })
     action.status = updated.status
     action.version = updated.version
-    message.success(`行动项状态更新为: ${actionStatusLabel(nextStatus)}`)
+    message.success(
+      locale.value === 'en'
+        ? `Action status updated to: ${actionStatusLabel(nextStatus)}`
+        : `行动项状态更新为: ${actionStatusLabel(nextStatus)}`,
+    )
     emit('reload')
   } catch (caught) {
     message.error(errorMessage(caught, '更新行动项失败'))
@@ -275,6 +286,15 @@ function cycleActionStatus(action: ActionItem) {
 }
 
 function actionStatusLabel(status: ActionStatus): string {
+  if (locale.value === 'en') {
+    const enMap: Record<ActionStatus, string> = {
+      open: 'Todo',
+      in_progress: 'Doing',
+      done: 'Done',
+      canceled: 'Canceled',
+    }
+    return enMap[status] || status
+  }
   const map: Record<ActionStatus, string> = {
     open: '待办',
     in_progress: '进行中',
@@ -285,7 +305,7 @@ function actionStatusLabel(status: ActionStatus): string {
 }
 
 const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
-  const regex = /@行动:(\[[^\]]*\])*\s*([^\n\r]+)/g
+  const regex = /@(?:行动|Action|action):(\[[^\]]*\])*\s*([^\n\r]+)/g
   const matches: string[] = []
   let match: RegExpExecArray | null
   while ((match = regex.exec(localNotes.value)) !== null) {
@@ -302,7 +322,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
       <div class="focus-bar-left">
         <div class="focus-live-badge" v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress'">
           <span class="live-dot-pulse"></span>
-          <span class="live-time-text">{{ liveElapsed || '进行中' }}</span>
+          <span class="live-time-text">{{ liveElapsed || tr('进行中', 'Live') }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="focus-meeting-title">
           <span class="project-pill">{{ meeting.project.name }}</span>
@@ -315,7 +335,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           <span class="topic-index">{{ currentIndex + 1 }}/{{ totalItems }}</span>
           <span class="topic-title">{{ currentItem.title }}</span>
           <n-tag v-if="currentItem.presenter" size="small" :bordered="false" class="presenter-tag">
-            主讲: {{ currentItem.presenter.display_name }}
+            {{ tr('主讲:', 'Speaker:') }} {{ currentItem.presenter.display_name }}
           </n-tag>
         </div>
         <div class="focus-progress-wrapper">
@@ -335,7 +355,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             type="button"
             class="icon-nav-btn"
             :disabled="currentIndex <= 0"
-            title="上一议题"
+            :title="tr('上一议题', 'Previous topic')"
             @click="selectAgenda(meeting.agenda_items[currentIndex - 1].id)"
           >
             <ChevronLeft :size="14" />
@@ -344,7 +364,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             type="button"
             class="icon-nav-btn"
             :disabled="currentIndex >= totalItems - 1"
-            title="下一议题"
+            :title="tr('下一议题', 'Next topic')"
             @click="selectAgenda(meeting.agenda_items[currentIndex + 1].id)"
           >
             <ChevronRight :size="14" />
@@ -358,7 +378,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           :disabled="advancing"
           @click="completeAndAdvance"
         >
-          <span>完成并下一项</span>
+          <span>{{ tr('完成并下一项', 'Complete & Next') }}</span>
           <kbd class="shortcut-key">⌘↵</kbd>
         </button>
 
@@ -369,11 +389,11 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           :disabled="saving"
           @click="persistCurrentNotes"
         >
-          {{ saving ? '保存中…' : '保存笔记' }}
+          {{ saving ? tr('保存中…', 'Saving…') : tr('保存笔记', 'Save Notes') }}
         </button>
 
-        <button type="button" class="focus-exit-btn" @click="exitFocus" title="退出专注模式 (Esc)">
-          退出专注 <kbd>Esc</kbd>
+        <button type="button" class="focus-exit-btn" @click="exitFocus" :title="tr('退出专注模式 (Esc)', 'Exit Focus Mode (Esc)')">
+          {{ tr('退出专注', 'Exit Focus') }} <kbd>Esc</kbd>
         </button>
       </div>
     </header>
@@ -386,17 +406,20 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           <div class="agenda-title-row" v-if="currentItem">
             <h1 class="focus-agenda-title">{{ currentItem.title }}</h1>
             <span class="focus-agenda-type">
-              {{ currentItem.agenda_type === 'decision' ? '决策议题' : currentItem.agenda_type === 'discussion' ? '讨论议题' : '信息同步' }}
+              {{ currentItem.agenda_type === 'decision' ? tr('决策议题', 'Decision') : currentItem.agenda_type === 'discussion' ? tr('讨论议题', 'Discussion') : tr('信息同步', 'Info Sync') }}
             </span>
           </div>
-          <p class="syntax-guide-pill">
+          <p v-if="locale === 'zh'" class="syntax-guide-pill">
             💡 支持在手记中直接输入 <code>@决策: 结论</code>、<code>@行动:[待办][@成员][日期] 事项</code>、<code>@开放问题: 待确认</code> 自动双向流转产出。
           </p>
+          <p v-else class="syntax-guide-pill">
+            💡 Type <code>@Decision: conclusion</code>, <code>@Action:[open][@owner][date] task</code>, or <code>@Question: item</code> to auto-sync outcomes.
+          </p>
           <div class="quick-tag-toolbar" v-if="canContribute">
-            <span class="quick-tag-label">快捷标签:</span>
-            <button type="button" class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-decision" @click="insertTag('@决策: ')">+ 决策</button>
-            <button type="button" class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-action" @click="insertTag('@行动:[open] ')">+ 待办行动</button>
-            <button type="button" class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-question" @click="insertTag('@开放问题: ')">+ 开放问题</button>
+            <span class="quick-tag-label">{{ tr('快捷标签:', 'Quick Tags:') }}</span>
+            <button type="button" class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-decision" @click="insertTag(locale === 'en' ? '@Decision: ' : '@决策: ')">{{ tr('+ 决策', '+ Decision') }}</button>
+            <button type="button" class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-action" @click="insertTag(locale === 'en' ? '@Action:[open] ' : '@行动:[open] ')">{{ tr('+ 待办行动', '+ Action') }}</button>
+            <button type="button" class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-question" @click="insertTag(locale === 'en' ? '@Question: ' : '@开放问题: ')">{{ tr('+ 开放问题', '+ Question') }}</button>
             <button
               type="button"
               class="tag-insert-btn tag-btn-ai"
@@ -404,7 +427,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
               :disabled="saving || extracting"
               @click="smartExtractFocusNotes"
             >
-              ✨ {{ extracting ? '正在提炼…' : 'AI 智能提炼' }}
+              ✨ {{ extracting ? tr('正在提炼…', 'Extracting…') : tr('AI 智能提炼', 'AI Extract') }}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -413,15 +436,15 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
           <MarkdownEditor
             ref="notesEditor"
             :model-value="localNotes"
-            label="议题笔记"
-            placeholder="专注于此项议题的核心讨论、事实依据与快速手记…"
+            :label="tr('议题笔记', 'Agenda Notes')"
+            :placeholder="tr('专注于此项议题的核心讨论、事实依据与快速手记…', 'Focus on key discussion points, evidence, and live notes…')"
             :disabled="!canContribute || saving || extracting"
             @update:model-value="onNotesInput"
           />
         </div>
         <div v-else class="empty-state">
-          <strong>会议暂无议题</strong>
-          <p>请在退出专注模式后添加议题。</p>
+          <strong>{{ tr('会议暂无议题', 'No agenda items') }}</strong>
+          <p>{{ tr('请在退出专注模式后添加议题。', 'Exit Focus Mode to add agenda items.') }}</p>
         </div>
       </section>
 
@@ -429,15 +452,15 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
       <aside class="focus-outcomes-pane" v-if="currentItem">
         <div class="outcomes-header">
           <div class="outcomes-title-area">
-            <h3>实时决议与待办</h3>
+            <h3>{{ tr('实时决议与待办', 'Live Outcomes') }}</h3>
             <span class="outcomes-count">
-              {{ currentItem.decisions.length + currentItem.actions.length + currentItem.open_questions.length }} 项产出
+              {{ currentItem.decisions.length + currentItem.actions.length + currentItem.open_questions.length }} {{ tr('项产出', 'outcomes') }}
             </span>
           </div>
           <div v-if="canContribute" class="quick-composer-btns">
-            <button type="button" class="tiny-btn" @click="composer = 'decision'">+ 决策</button>
-            <button type="button" class="tiny-btn" @click="composer = 'action'">+ 行动</button>
-            <button type="button" class="tiny-btn" @click="composer = 'question'">+ 问题</button>
+            <button type="button" class="tiny-btn" @click="composer = 'decision'">{{ tr('+ 决策', '+ Decision') }}</button>
+            <button type="button" class="tiny-btn" @click="composer = 'action'">{{ tr('+ 行动', '+ Action') }}</button>
+            <button type="button" class="tiny-btn" @click="composer = 'question'">{{ tr('+ 问题', '+ Question') }}</button>
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -462,8 +485,8 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             @mouseleave="hoveredOutcomeId = null"
           >
             <div class="card-badge-row">
-              <span class="card-badge badge-decision">决策</span>
-              <span v-if="decision.is_derived" class="derived-badge">来自手记</span>
+              <span class="card-badge badge-decision">{{ tr('决策', 'Decision') }}</span>
+              <span v-if="decision.is_derived" class="derived-badge">{{ tr('来自手记', 'From Notes') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="card-title">{{ decision.title }}</div>
           </div>
@@ -488,7 +511,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
                   class="action-checkbox-toggle"
                   :class="[`status-${action.status}`]"
                   :disabled="!canContribute"
-                  title="点击切换完成状态"
+                  :title="tr('点击切换完成状态', 'Toggle completion')"
                   @click="toggleActionStatus(action)"
                 >
                   <span v-if="action.status === 'done'" class="check-mark-animated"><Check :size="12" :stroke-width="3" /></span>
@@ -505,7 +528,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
                 class="status-cycle-pill"
                 :class="[`pill-${action.status}`]"
                 :disabled="!canContribute"
-                title="点击循环状态 (待办 -> 进行中 -> 已完成)"
+                :title="tr('点击循环状态 (待办 -> 进行中 -> 已完成)', 'Click to cycle status (Todo -> Doing -> Done)')"
                 @click="cycleActionStatus(action)"
               >
                 {{ actionStatusLabel(action.status) }}
@@ -514,8 +537,8 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
 
             <div class="action-card-meta">
               <span v-if="action.owner" class="meta-tag owner-tag">@{{ action.owner.display_name }}</span>
-              <span v-if="action.due_date" class="meta-tag due-tag">截止 {{ action.due_date }}</span>
-              <span v-if="action.is_derived" class="derived-badge">手记双向映射</span>
+              <span v-if="action.due_date" class="meta-tag due-tag">{{ tr('截止', 'Due') }} {{ action.due_date }}</span>
+              <span v-if="action.is_derived" class="derived-badge">{{ tr('手记双向映射', 'Two-way Sync') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
 
@@ -529,8 +552,8 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             @mouseleave="hoveredOutcomeId = null"
           >
             <div class="card-badge-row">
-              <span class="card-badge badge-question">开放问题</span>
-              <span v-if="question.is_derived" class="derived-badge">来自手记</span>
+              <span class="card-badge badge-question">{{ tr('开放问题', 'Open Question') }}</span>
+              <span v-if="question.is_derived" class="derived-badge">{{ tr('来自手记', 'From Notes') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="card-title">{{ question.question_markdown }}</div>
           </div>
@@ -539,7 +562,8 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
             v-if="!currentItem.decisions.length && !currentItem.actions.length && !currentItem.open_questions.length"
             class="empty-outcomes-note"
           >
-            <p>在左侧记录输入 <code>@行动: 事项内容</code>，或点击右上角按钮添加结构化决议与待办。</p>
+            <p v-if="locale === 'zh'">在左侧记录输入 <code>@行动: 事项内容</code>，或点击右上角按钮添加结构化决议与待办。</p>
+            <p v-else>Type <code>@Action: task</code> in notes on the left, or click the buttons above to add outcomes.</p>
           </div>
         </div>
       </aside>
@@ -565,7 +589,8 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: space-between;
-  padding: 0 24px;
+  gap: 16px;
+  padding: 0 20px;
   height: 60px;
   background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
   backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
@@ -577,8 +602,10 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
 .focus-bar-left {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
-  gap: 12px;
+  gap: 10px;
+  flex: 1 1 0;
   min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
 }
 
 .focus-live-badge {
@@ -615,8 +642,9 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   gap: 8px;
-  font-size: 0.95rem;
+  font-size: 0.92rem;
   min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
 }
 
 .focus-meeting-title strong {
@@ -641,15 +669,19 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
   flex-direction: column;
   align-items: center;
   gap: 3px;
+  flex: 0 1 auto;
   min-width: 0;
+  max-width: 320px;
 }
 
 .focus-topic-pill {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   gap: 8px;
-  font-size: 0.88rem;
+  font-size: 0.85rem;
   white-space: nowrap;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
 }
 
 .topic-index {
@@ -666,7 +698,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
 .topic-title {
   font-weight: 700;
   color: #0f172a;
-  max-width: 240px;
+  max-width: 170px;
   overflow: hidden;
   text-overflow: ellipsis;
   white-space: nowrap;
@@ -679,7 +711,7 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
 }
 
 .focus-progress-wrapper {
-  width: 180px;
+  width: 160px;
 }
 
 .focus-bar-right {
@@ -918,24 +950,29 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 8px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
   margin-bottom: 16px;
 }
 
 .outcomes-title-area h3 {
   margin: 0;
-  font-size: 1.05rem;
+  font-size: 1rem;
   font-weight: 750;
   color: #0f172a;
+  white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
 .outcomes-count {
   font-size: 0.75rem;
   color: #64748b;
+  white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
 .quick-composer-btns {
   display: flex;
   gap: 6px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
 }
 
 .tiny-btn {
@@ -946,6 +983,8 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
   color: #1e293b;
   font-size: 0.75rem;
   font-weight: 600;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
   cursor: pointer;
   transition: all 0.15s;
 }
@@ -955,6 +994,12 @@ const noteActionTags = computed(() => {
   border-color: #94a3b8;
 }
 
+@media (max-width: 1080px) {
+  .focus-meeting-title strong {
+    display: none;
+  }
+}
+
 .outcomes-cards-list {
   display: grid;
   gap: 10px;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/OutcomeComposer.vue b/frontend/src/components/OutcomeComposer.vue
index baa0a3a..63cdf2d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/OutcomeComposer.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/OutcomeComposer.vue
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import { X } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import type { AgendaItem, Meeting } from '../domain/meetings'
 import type { ActionPriority } from '../domain/outcomes'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import MarkdownEditor from './MarkdownEditor.vue'
 import PluginEditorSlot from './PluginEditorSlot.vue'
 
 type Mode = 'decision' | 'action' | 'question'
 const props = defineProps<{ mode: Mode; meeting: Meeting; item: AgendaItem }>()
 const emit = defineEmits<{ close: []; saved: [] }>()
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const title = ref('')
 const content = ref('')
 const ownerId = ref('')
@@ -18,7 +20,11 @@ const dueDate = ref('')
 const priority = ref<ActionPriority>('normal')
 const saving = ref(false)
 const error = ref('')
-const labels = computed(() => ({ decision: '决策', action: '行动项', question: '开放问题' }[props.mode]))
+const labels = computed(() => ({
+  decision: tr('决策', 'Decision'),
+  action: tr('行动项', 'Action Item'),
+  question: tr('开放问题', 'Open Question'),
+}[props.mode]))
 const assistantSlot = computed(() => ({
   decision: 'decision-composer',
   action: 'action-composer',
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ async function save() {
     emit('saved')
     emit('close')
   } catch (caught) {
-    error.value = caught instanceof Error ? caught.message : `${labels.value}保存失败`
+    error.value = caught instanceof Error ? caught.message : tr(`${labels.value}保存失败`, `Failed to save ${labels.value}`)
   } finally {
     saving.value = false
   }
@@ -49,17 +55,17 @@ async function save() {
 
 <template>
   <form class="outcome-composer" @submit.prevent="save">
-    <header class="section-heading"><h3>添加{{ labels }}</h3><button type="button" class="icon-button" aria-label="关闭" @click="emit('close')"><X :size="18" :stroke-width="2" aria-hidden="true" /></button></header>
-    <label v-if="mode === 'decision'">标题<input v-model="title" required /></label>
-    <PluginEditorSlot :editor-label="`${labels}内容`" v-model="content" :data-testid="assistantSlot" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" :slot="assistantSlot" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id, agendaId: item.id, participants: meeting.participants.map((participant) => participant.user) }" @notice="error = $event">
-      <template #editor="{ disabled, registerEditor }"><MarkdownEditor v-model="content" :label="`${labels}内容`" :disabled="saving || disabled" :register-editor="registerEditor" /></template>
+    <header class="section-heading"><h3>{{ tr(`添加${labels}`, `Add ${labels}`) }}</h3><button type="button" class="icon-button" :aria-label="tr('关闭', 'Close')" @click="emit('close')"><X :size="18" :stroke-width="2" aria-hidden="true" /></button></header>
+    <label v-if="mode === 'decision'">{{ tr('标题', 'Title') }}<input v-model="title" required /></label>
+    <PluginEditorSlot :editor-label="tr(`${labels}内容`, `${labels} content`)" v-model="content" :data-testid="assistantSlot" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" :slot="assistantSlot" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id, agendaId: item.id, participants: meeting.participants.map((participant) => participant.user) }" @notice="error = $event">
+      <template #editor="{ disabled, registerEditor }"><MarkdownEditor v-model="content" :label="tr(`${labels}内容`, `${labels} content`)" :disabled="saving || disabled" :register-editor="registerEditor" /></template>
     </PluginEditorSlot>
     <div v-if="mode !== 'decision'" class="outcome-fields">
-      <label>负责人<select v-model="ownerId"><option value="">未指定</option><option v-for="participant in meeting.participants" :key="participant.user.id" :value="participant.user.id">{{ participant.user.display_name }}</option></select></label>
-      <label v-if="mode === 'action'">截止日期<input v-model="dueDate" type="date" /></label>
-      <label v-if="mode === 'action'">优先级<select v-model="priority"><option value="low">低</option><option value="normal">普通</option><option value="high">高</option><option value="urgent">紧急</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('负责人', 'Owner') }}<select v-model="ownerId"><option value="">{{ tr('未指定', 'Unassigned') }}</option><option v-for="participant in meeting.participants" :key="participant.user.id" :value="participant.user.id">{{ participant.user.display_name }}</option></select></label>
+      <label v-if="mode === 'action'">{{ tr('截止日期', 'Due Date') }}<input v-model="dueDate" type="date" /></label>
+      <label v-if="mode === 'action'">{{ tr('优先级', 'Priority') }}<select v-model="priority"><option value="low">{{ tr('低', 'Low') }}</option><option value="normal">{{ tr('普通', 'Normal') }}</option><option value="high">{{ tr('高', 'High') }}</option><option value="urgent">{{ tr('紧急', 'Urgent') }}</option></select></label>
     </div>
     <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error">{{ error }}</p>
-    <div class="form-actions"><button type="button" class="button button-quiet" @click="emit('close')">取消</button><button class="button button-primary" :disabled="saving || !content.trim()">{{ saving ? '保存中…' : `保存${labels}` }}</button></div>
+    <div class="form-actions"><button type="button" class="button button-quiet" @click="emit('close')">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</button><button class="button button-primary" :disabled="saving || !content.trim()">{{ saving ? tr('保存中…', 'Saving…') : tr(`保存${labels}`, `Save ${labels}`) }}</button></div>
   </form>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/WebhookNotifyModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/WebhookNotifyModal.vue
index 42a60f6..4ad8439 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/WebhookNotifyModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/WebhookNotifyModal.vue
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { ref } from 'vue'
 import { NButton, NForm, NFormItem, NInput, NModal, NRadio, NRadioGroup, useMessage } from 'naive-ui'
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import type { Meeting } from '../domain/meetings'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   meeting: Meeting
 }>()
 const emit = defineEmits<{ 'update:show': [value: boolean] }>()
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 
 const platform = ref<'feishu' | 'dingtalk' | 'generic'>('feishu')
 const webhookUrl = ref('')
@@ -31,10 +33,10 @@ async function sendNotification() {
         secret: secret.value.trim() || undefined,
       }),
     })
-    message.success('会议纪要已成功推送至群聊卡片！')
+    message.success(tr('会议纪要已成功推送至群聊卡片！', 'Meeting summary pushed to group chat card!'))
     emit('update:show', false)
   } catch (caught) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(caught, '推送失败，请检查 Webhook 地址与签名配置')
+    error.value = errorMessage(caught, tr('推送失败，请检查 Webhook 地址与签名配置', 'Push failed; check Webhook URL and secret'))
   } finally {
     sending.value = false
   }
@@ -42,46 +44,46 @@ async function sendNotification() {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <n-modal :show="props.show" preset="card" title="推送会议通知卡片" style="width: min(540px, 94vw);" :mask-closable="!sending" @update:show="(val: boolean) => emit('update:show', val)">
+  <n-modal :show="props.show" preset="card" :title="tr('推送会议通知卡片', 'Push Meeting Notification Card')" style="width: min(540px, 94vw);" :mask-closable="!sending" @update:show="(val: boolean) => emit('update:show', val)">
     <div class="webhook-modal-content">
       <p class="webhook-intro">
-        将当前会议结论、决议与待办一键格式化为富文本卡片，推送到指定企业即时通讯群组机器人。
+        {{ tr('将当前会议结论、决议与待办一键格式化为富文本卡片，推送到指定企业即时通讯群组机器人。', 'Format current meeting conclusions, decisions, and action items as a rich card and push to your team chat bot.') }}
       </p>
 
       <n-form label-placement="top" :show-require-mark="false">
-        <n-form-item label="目标平台">
+        <n-form-item :label="tr('目标平台', 'Target Platform')">
           <n-radio-group v-model:value="platform">
-            <n-radio value="feishu">飞书 (交互式卡片)</n-radio>
-            <n-radio value="dingtalk">钉钉 (Markdown卡片)</n-radio>
-            <n-radio value="generic">通用 Webhook</n-radio>
+            <n-radio value="feishu">{{ tr('飞书 (交互式卡片)', 'Feishu (Interactive Card)') }}</n-radio>
+            <n-radio value="dingtalk">{{ tr('钉钉 (Markdown卡片)', 'DingTalk (Markdown Card)') }}</n-radio>
+            <n-radio value="generic">{{ tr('通用 Webhook', 'Generic Webhook') }}</n-radio>
           </n-radio-group>
         </n-form-item>
 
-        <n-form-item label="Webhook 机器人地址" required>
+        <n-form-item :label="tr('Webhook 机器人地址', 'Webhook Bot URL')" required>
           <n-input
             v-model:value="webhookUrl"
             :placeholder="platform === 'feishu' ? 'https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/...' : 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=...'"
-            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': 'Webhook 地址' }"
+            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('Webhook 地址', 'Webhook URL') }"
           />
         </n-form-item>
 
-        <n-form-item :label="platform === 'dingtalk' ? '安全加签 Secret (推荐配置)' : '加签密钥 (可选)'">
+        <n-form-item :label="platform === 'dingtalk' ? tr('安全加签 Secret (推荐配置)', 'Signing Secret (Recommended)') : tr('加签密钥 (可选)', 'Signing Secret (Optional)')">
           <n-input
             v-model:value="secret"
             type="password"
             show-password-on="click"
             placeholder="SEC..."
-            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '加签密钥' }"
+            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('加签密钥', 'Signing Secret') }"
           />
         </n-form-item>
       </n-form>
 
       <div class="card-preview-box">
-        <span class="preview-tag">推送内容预览</span>
-        <div class="preview-title">📋 会议纪要：{{ meeting.title }}</div>
+        <span class="preview-tag">{{ tr('推送内容预览', 'Card Preview') }}</span>
+        <div class="preview-title">📋 {{ tr('会议纪要：', 'Meeting Summary: ') }}{{ meeting.title }}</div>
         <div class="preview-meta">
-          <span>状态：{{ meeting.status === 'completed' ? '已完成' : '进行中' }}</span> ·
-          <span>议题数：{{ meeting.agenda_items.length }}</span>
+          <span>{{ tr('状态：', 'Status: ') }}{{ meeting.status === 'completed' ? tr('已完成', 'Completed') : tr('进行中', 'In Progress') }}</span> ·
+          <span>{{ tr('议题数：', 'Agendas: ') }}{{ meeting.agenda_items.length }}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
@@ -90,9 +92,9 @@ async function sendNotification() {
 
     <template #footer>
       <div class="row-actions">
-        <n-button quaternary :disabled="sending" @click="emit('update:show', false)">取消</n-button>
+        <n-button quaternary :disabled="sending" @click="emit('update:show', false)">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</n-button>
         <n-button type="primary" :loading="sending" :disabled="!webhookUrl.trim() || sending" @click="sendNotification">
-          立即推送
+          {{ tr('立即推送', 'Push Now') }}
         </n-button>
       </div>
     </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/meeting/SaveStateIndicator.vue b/frontend/src/components/meeting/SaveStateIndicator.vue
index f1cd280..fe1f6c7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/meeting/SaveStateIndicator.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/meeting/SaveStateIndicator.vue
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   state: 'idle' | 'saving' | 'saved' | 'error' | 'conflict'
   role?: 'status' | 'note'
 }>()
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const label = computed(() => ({
-  idle: '未修改',
-  saving: '保存中…',
-  saved: '已保存',
-  error: '保存失败',
-  conflict: '版本冲突',
+  idle: tr('未修改', 'Unchanged'),
+  saving: tr('保存中…', 'Saving…'),
+  saved: tr('已保存', 'Saved'),
+  error: tr('保存失败', 'Save failed'),
+  conflict: tr('版本冲突', 'Version conflict'),
 }[props.state]))
 </script>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/index.ts b/frontend/src/i18n/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac3bcd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import { computed, ref } from 'vue'
+
+export type Locale = 'zh' | 'en'
+
+export const STORAGE_KEY = 'meetflow_lang'
+
+function readInitialLocale(): Locale {
+  try {
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.localStorage) {
+      const saved = window.localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+      if (saved === 'en') return 'en'
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Ignore storage access errors in restricted environments.
+  }
+  return 'zh'
+}
+
+export const locale = ref<Locale>(readInitialLocale())
+
+export const isEn = computed(() => locale.value === 'en')
+
+export function setLocale(lang: Locale): void {
+  const next: Locale = lang === 'en' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+  locale.value = next
+  try {
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.localStorage) {
+      window.localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, next)
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Ignore storage write errors.
+  }
+}
+
+export function toggleLocale(): Locale {
+  const next: Locale = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+  setLocale(next)
+  return next
+}
+
+export const messages: Record<Locale, Record<string, string>> = {
+  zh: {
+    'app.sharedWorkspace': '共享工作区',
+    'app.inbox': '收件箱',
+    'app.accountMenu': '账户菜单',
+    'app.accountSettings': '账号设置',
+    'app.logout': '退出登录',
+    'app.langToggle': '🌐 EN',
+    'sidebar.brandSub': '团队会议工作区',
+    'sidebar.workspaceNav': '工作区导航',
+    'sidebar.adminNav': '管理员导航',
+    'sidebar.adminSection': '管理员',
+    'sidebar.forYou': '为你',
+    'sidebar.projects': '项目',
+    'sidebar.meetings': '会议',
+    'sidebar.actions': '行动项',
+    'sidebar.decisions': '决策',
+    'sidebar.inbox': '收件箱',
+    'sidebar.aiTasks': 'AI 任务',
+    'sidebar.users': '用户',
+    'sidebar.plugins': '插件',
+    'sidebar.settings': '设置',
+    'meeting.calendar': '日历订阅',
+    'meeting.webhook': '推送群聊',
+    'meeting.focusMode': '专注模式',
+    'meeting.endMeeting': '结束会议',
+    'meeting.cancelMeeting': '取消会议',
+    'meeting.startMeeting': '开始会议',
+    'meeting.prepInfo': '准备信息',
+    'meeting.reopen': '重新打开',
+    'agenda.queue': '议题队列',
+    'agenda.add': '+ 议题',
+    'agenda.collapse': '收起',
+    'agenda.type': '类型',
+    'agenda.duration': '预计时长',
+    'agenda.proposer': '提案人',
+    'agenda.speaker': '主讲人',
+    'agenda.notes': '议题记录',
+    'agenda.aiExtract': 'AI 智能提炼',
+    'agenda.extracting': '正在提炼…',
+    'agenda.outcomes': '本议题产出',
+    'agenda.addDecision': '+ 决策',
+    'agenda.addAction': '+ 行动',
+    'agenda.addQuestion': '+ 开放问题',
+    'agenda.fromNotes': '来自议题记录',
+    'focus.completeAndNext': '完成并下一项',
+    'focus.exitFocus': '退出专注',
+    'focus.liveOutcomes': '实时决议与待办',
+    'focus.addQuestion': '+ 问题',
+  },
+  en: {
+    'app.sharedWorkspace': 'Shared Workspace',
+    'app.inbox': 'Inbox',
+    'app.accountMenu': 'Account menu',
+    'app.accountSettings': 'Account Settings',
+    'app.logout': 'Sign Out',
+    'app.langToggle': '🌐 中文',
+    'sidebar.brandSub': 'Team Workspace',
+    'sidebar.workspaceNav': 'Workspace navigation',
+    'sidebar.adminNav': 'Admin navigation',
+    'sidebar.adminSection': 'Admin',
+    'sidebar.forYou': 'For You',
+    'sidebar.projects': 'Projects',
+    'sidebar.meetings': 'Meetings',
+    'sidebar.actions': 'Actions',
+    'sidebar.decisions': 'Decisions',
+    'sidebar.inbox': 'Inbox',
+    'sidebar.aiTasks': 'AI Tasks',
+    'sidebar.users': 'Users',
+    'sidebar.plugins': 'Plugins',
+    'sidebar.settings': 'Settings',
+    'meeting.calendar': 'Calendar',
+    'meeting.webhook': 'Webhook',
+    'meeting.focusMode': 'Focus Mode',
+    'meeting.endMeeting': 'End Meeting',
+    'meeting.cancelMeeting': 'Cancel',
+    'meeting.startMeeting': 'Start Meeting',
+    'meeting.prepInfo': 'Prep Info',
+    'meeting.reopen': 'Reopen',
+    'agenda.queue': 'Agenda Queue',
+    'agenda.add': '+ Agenda',
+    'agenda.collapse': 'Close',
+    'agenda.type': 'Type',
+    'agenda.duration': 'Duration',
+    'agenda.proposer': 'Proposer',
+    'agenda.speaker': 'Speaker',
+    'agenda.notes': 'Agenda Notes',
+    'agenda.aiExtract': 'AI Extract',
+    'agenda.extracting': 'Extracting…',
+    'agenda.outcomes': 'Topic Outcomes',
+    'agenda.addDecision': '+ Decision',
+    'agenda.addAction': '+ Action',
+    'agenda.addQuestion': '+ Question',
+    'agenda.fromNotes': 'From Notes',
+    'focus.completeAndNext': 'Complete & Next',
+    'focus.exitFocus': 'Exit Focus',
+    'focus.liveOutcomes': 'Live Outcomes',
+    'focus.addQuestion': '+ Question',
+  },
+}
+
+export function t(key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>): string {
+  const dict = messages[locale.value] ?? messages.zh
+  let template = dict[key] ?? messages.zh[key] ?? key
+  if (params) {
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(params)) {
+      template = template.replace(new RegExp(`\\{${k}\\}`, 'g'), String(v))
+    }
+  }
+  return template
+}
+
+export function tr(zhText: string, enText: string): string {
+  return locale.value === 'en' ? enText : zhText
+}
+
+export function useI18n() {
+  return {
+    locale,
+    isEn,
+    setLocale,
+    toggleLocale,
+    t,
+    tr,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/styles.css b/frontend/src/styles.css
index ddd5190..9bb2a3c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/styles.css
+++ b/frontend/src/styles.css
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ p { line-height: 1.65; }
 .brand-mark { width: 46px; height: 46px; display: grid; place-items: center; border-radius: 14px; color: white; background: var(--green); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-weight: 900; box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(14, 107, 77, .25); }
 .brand-mark-small { width: 31px; height: 31px; border-radius: 9px; font-size: .85rem; }
 .topbar-actions { margin-left: auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
+.lang-toggle-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 4px; height: 32px; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0; transition: background .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, color .15s ease; }
+.lang-toggle-btn:hover, .lang-toggle-btn:focus-visible { border-color: var(--green); color: var(--green-dark); background: var(--green-soft); outline: 0; }
 .account-menu-trigger { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 0; border: 0; background: transparent; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; font-size: .86rem; font-weight: 700; }
 .account-menu-trigger:hover { color: var(--green); }
 
@@ -284,7 +286,7 @@ input:focus, textarea:focus, select:focus { border-color: var(--green); box-shad
 @media (max-width: 900px) { .project-state-metrics { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }
 .markdown-editor { min-height: 180px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid #dfe3e8; border-radius: 10px; background: white; }.markdown-editor:focus-within { border-color: #8295af; box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(91,112,143,.11); }.markdown-editor[data-disabled] { background: #f4f5f7; }.markdown-editor-root { min-height: 180px; }.markdown-editor .milkdown { min-height: 180px; }.markdown-editor .ProseMirror { min-height: 140px; padding: 18px 20px; outline: none; }
 .conflict-modal footer { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }.conflict-columns { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 14px; margin: 20px 0; }.conflict-columns article { min-width: 0; padding: 14px; border: 1px solid #e0e4e9; border-radius: 10px; }.conflict-columns h3 { margin: 0 0 9px; }.conflict-columns pre { max-height: 320px; margin: 0; overflow: auto; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: anywhere; font: .8rem/1.6 ui-monospace, monospace; }
-.agenda-workbench { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 268px; gap: 0; align-items: stretch; padding: 0; }.agenda-detail, .agenda-empty-compact { min-width: 0; padding: 20px; }.agenda-queue { min-width: 0; padding: 18px; border-left: 1px solid #e1e6eb; }.agenda-queue .section-heading { align-items: flex-start; }.agenda-add-form { margin: 16px 0; padding: 13px; border-radius: 10px; background: #f4f6f8; }.agenda-queue-list { display: grid; gap: 7px; margin-top: 16px; }.agenda-queue-row { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; border: 1px solid #e2e6eb; border-radius: 10px; background: white; }.agenda-queue-row.selected { border-color: #779078; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(14,107,77,.08); }.agenda-select { min-width: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 12px 8px 12px 12px; border: 0; color: inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; cursor: pointer; }.agenda-select > span:last-child { min-width: 0; display: grid; gap: 3px; }.agenda-select strong { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }.agenda-select small { color: #7b8490; white-space: nowrap; }.agenda-index { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 24px; height: 24px; display: grid; place-items: center; border-radius: 7px; color: #526274; background: #edf1f5; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; }.agenda-menu { position: relative; margin-right: 6px; }.agenda-menu-trigger { padding: 8px; border: 0; color: #77808c; background: transparent; cursor: pointer; }.agenda-guard { grid-column: 1 / -1; display: grid; gap: 6px; padding: 10px; border-top: 1px solid #f0d3ce; color: #8d312a; font-size: .72rem; }.agenda-detail-header { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; }.agenda-detail-header > div:first-child { min-width: 0; flex: 1; }.agenda-detail-status { flex: 0 0 auto; }.agenda-title-input { width: 100%; min-height: 44px; padding: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 0; background: transparent; box-shadow: none; font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.1vw, 1.75rem); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.03em; }.agenda-meta-fields, .outcome-fields { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 12px; margin: 18px 0; }.agenda-notes { margin-top: 18px; }.agenda-save-row { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; margin-top: 12px; }.agenda-save-row > span { font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.45; }.agenda-save-row > .button { flex-shrink: 0; white-space: nowrap; }.agenda-outcomes { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid #e5e8ec; }.outcome-action-group, .agenda-flow-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px; }.outcome-list { display: grid; gap: 8px; margin-top: 14px; }.outcome-list article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 74px 1fr; gap: 10px; padding: 11px; border-radius: 9px; background: #f5f7f8; }.outcome-list article span { color: #74808e; font-size: .72rem; white-space: nowrap; }.outcome-composer { margin-top: 16px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid #dce2e8; border-radius: 11px; background: #fafbfc; }.outcome-composer .markdown-editor, .outcome-composer .markdown-editor-root, .outcome-composer .markdown-editor .milkdown { min-height: 120px; }.agenda-flow-actions { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid #e5e8ec; }
+.agenda-workbench { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 268px; gap: 0; align-items: stretch; padding: 0; }.agenda-detail, .agenda-empty-compact { min-width: 0; padding: 20px; }.agenda-queue { min-width: 0; padding: 18px; border-left: 1px solid #e1e6eb; }.agenda-queue .section-heading { align-items: flex-start; }.agenda-add-form { margin: 16px 0; padding: 13px; border-radius: 10px; background: #f4f6f8; }.agenda-queue-list { display: grid; gap: 7px; margin-top: 16px; }.agenda-queue-row { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; border: 1px solid #e2e6eb; border-radius: 10px; background: white; }.agenda-queue-row.selected { border-color: #779078; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(14,107,77,.08); }.agenda-select { min-width: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 12px 8px 12px 12px; border: 0; color: inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; cursor: pointer; }.agenda-select > span:last-child { min-width: 0; display: grid; gap: 3px; }.agenda-select strong { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }.agenda-select small { color: #7b8490; white-space: nowrap; }.agenda-index { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 24px; height: 24px; display: grid; place-items: center; border-radius: 7px; color: #526274; background: #edf1f5; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 800; }.agenda-menu { position: relative; margin-right: 6px; }.agenda-menu-trigger { padding: 8px; border: 0; color: #77808c; background: transparent; cursor: pointer; }.agenda-guard { grid-column: 1 / -1; display: grid; gap: 6px; padding: 10px; border-top: 1px solid #f0d3ce; color: #8d312a; font-size: .72rem; }.agenda-detail-header { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; }.agenda-detail-header > div:first-child { min-width: 0; flex: 1; }.agenda-detail-status { flex: 0 0 auto; }.agenda-title-input { width: 100%; min-height: 44px; padding: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 0; background: transparent; box-shadow: none; font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.1vw, 1.75rem); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.03em; }.agenda-meta-fields, .outcome-fields { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 12px; margin: 18px 0; }.agenda-notes { margin-top: 18px; }.agenda-save-row { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; margin-top: 12px; }.agenda-save-row > span { font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.45; }.agenda-save-row > .button { flex-shrink: 0; white-space: nowrap; }.agenda-outcomes { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid #e5e8ec; }.outcome-action-group, .agenda-flow-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px; }.outcome-list { display: grid; gap: 8px; margin-top: 14px; }.outcome-list article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 82px 1fr; gap: 10px; padding: 11px; border-radius: 9px; background: #f5f7f8; }.outcome-list article span { color: #74808e; font-size: .72rem; white-space: nowrap; }.outcome-composer { margin-top: 16px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid #dce2e8; border-radius: 11px; background: #fafbfc; }.outcome-composer .markdown-editor, .outcome-composer .markdown-editor-root, .outcome-composer .markdown-editor .milkdown { min-height: 120px; }.agenda-flow-actions { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid #e5e8ec; }
 .ai-inline-extract-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; height: 26px; padding: 0 10px; border: 1px solid #b8d7c4; border-radius: 6px; color: var(--green-dark); background: #edf7f1; cursor: pointer; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 750; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0; transition: background .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, box-shadow .15s ease; }
 .ai-inline-extract-btn:hover:not(:disabled) { background: #dcebe6; border-color: var(--green); }
 .ai-inline-extract-btn:disabled { cursor: wait; opacity: .65; }
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ input:focus, textarea:focus, select:focus { border-color: var(--green); box-shad
 /* Interactive Action Outcomes & Micro-interactions */
 .outcome-action-item {
   display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 74px 1fr !important;
+  grid-template-columns: 82px 1fr !important;
   gap: 10px;
   align-items: flex-start;
   transition: all 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
diff --git a/frontend/src/tests/app-shell.test.ts b/frontend/src/tests/app-shell.test.ts
index a6a799b..2fb99f7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/tests/app-shell.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/tests/app-shell.test.ts
@@ -151,3 +151,21 @@ it('loads plugin frontend modules after a successful login', async () => {
   expect(loadPluginFrontendModulesMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
   expect(pushMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/')
 })
+
+it('toggles language between Chinese and English via the topbar switcher', async () => {
+  render(App)
+
+  const toggleBtn = screen.getByTestId('lang-toggle-btn')
+  expect(toggleBtn).toHaveTextContent('EN')
+  expect(screen.getByRole('link', { name: '会议' })).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+  await fireEvent.click(toggleBtn)
+  expect(toggleBtn).toHaveTextContent('中文')
+  expect(screen.getByRole('link', { name: 'Meetings' })).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.getByRole('link', { name: 'Actions' })).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.getByRole('link', { name: 'Decisions' })).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+  await fireEvent.click(toggleBtn)
+  expect(toggleBtn).toHaveTextContent('EN')
+  expect(screen.getByRole('link', { name: '会议' })).toBeInTheDocument()
+})
diff --git a/frontend/src/tests/focus-and-integrations.test.ts b/frontend/src/tests/focus-and-integrations.test.ts
index d31ce3c..ecae5ef 100644
--- a/frontend/src/tests/focus-and-integrations.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/tests/focus-and-integrations.test.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import CalendarSubscriptionModal from '../components/CalendarSubscriptionModal.v
 import type { Meeting } from '../domain/meetings'
 import FocusMode from '../components/FocusMode.vue'
 import WebhookNotifyModal from '../components/WebhookNotifyModal.vue'
+import { setLocale } from '../i18n'
 import { renderWithProviders } from './helpers'
 
 const testUser = { id: 'u1', username: 'lin', display_name: '林宇' }
@@ -352,4 +353,53 @@ describe('P0 Features: Bidirectional Actions, Focus Mode, Calendar & Webhooks',
     expect(screen.getByTestId('ai-extract-status')).toHaveTextContent('已智能提炼 2 项决策 · 2 项行动 · 1 项开放问题')
     expect(onChanged).toHaveBeenCalled()
   })
+
+  it('supports switching UI to English and structures English notes with @Decision:, @Action:, @Question:', async () => {
+    setLocale('en')
+    const meeting = meetingFixture()
+    apiMock.mockImplementation((url: string, init?: RequestInit) => {
+      if (url === '/api/v1/meetings/m1/ingest' && init?.method === 'POST') {
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          ...meeting,
+          meeting,
+          ingested_agenda_item_id: 'a1',
+          decisions: 1,
+          actions: 1,
+          questions: 1,
+          extracted: { decisions: 1, actions: 1, questions: 1 },
+        })
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve(meeting)
+    })
+
+    renderWithProviders(AgendaDetail, {
+      props: {
+        meeting,
+        item: meeting.agenda_items[0] as any,
+        canContribute: true,
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('✨ AI Extract')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.getByText('Outcomes')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+    const notesTextarea = screen.getByLabelText('Agenda Notes')
+    await fireEvent.update(
+      notesTextarea,
+      'We decided to standardize on Canonical REST API\nTodo @lin verify webhook retries\nHow should we handle rate limits?',
+    )
+
+    await fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('ai-extract-notes-btn'))
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(apiMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '/api/v1/meetings/m1/ingest',
+        expect.objectContaining({ method: 'POST' }),
+      )
+    })
+    expect((notesTextarea as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toContain('@Decision: We decided to standardize on Canonical REST API')
+    expect((notesTextarea as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toContain('@Action:[open][@lin] @lin verify webhook retries')
+    expect((notesTextarea as HTMLTextAreaElement).value).toContain('@Question: How should we handle rate limits?')
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('ai-extract-status')).toHaveTextContent('Extracted 1 decisions · 1 actions · 1 open questions')
+  })
 })
diff --git a/frontend/src/tests/setup.ts b/frontend/src/tests/setup.ts
index 0e601ec..8ee0c55 100644
--- a/frontend/src/tests/setup.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/tests/setup.ts
@@ -34,4 +34,14 @@ Object.defineProperty(Element.prototype, 'scrollTo', {
   value: () => {},
 })
 
-afterEach(() => cleanup())
+import { setLocale } from '../i18n'
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  cleanup()
+  setLocale('zh')
+  try {
+    window.localStorage?.removeItem('meetflow_lang')
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+})
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/labels.ts b/frontend/src/utils/labels.ts
index fd4b937..0ec21cf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/labels.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/labels.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { DecisionReviewStatus } from '../domain/outcomes'
 import type { ParticipationRole } from '../domain/meetings'
+import { locale } from '../i18n'
 
 export const PARTICIPATION_ROLE_LABELS: Record<ParticipationRole, string> = {
   host: '主持',
@@ -8,6 +9,17 @@ export const PARTICIPATION_ROLE_LABELS: Record<ParticipationRole, string> = {
   attendee: '参与',
 }
 
+export const EN_PARTICIPATION_ROLE_LABELS: Record<ParticipationRole, string> = {
+  host: 'Host',
+  recorder: 'Recorder',
+  presenter: 'Speaker',
+  attendee: 'Attendee',
+}
+
+export function participationRoleLabel(role: ParticipationRole): string {
+  return locale.value === 'en' ? (EN_PARTICIPATION_ROLE_LABELS[role] ?? role) : (PARTICIPATION_ROLE_LABELS[role] ?? role)
+}
+
 /** 决策评审人状态文案（DecisionsView 全局表与 DecisionDetailDrawer 共用）。 */
 export const REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS: Record<DecisionReviewStatus, string> = {
   pending: '待评审',
@@ -15,6 +27,16 @@ export const REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS: Record<DecisionReviewStatus, string> = {
   changes_requested: '需修改',
 }
 
+export const EN_REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS: Record<DecisionReviewStatus, string> = {
+  pending: 'Pending',
+  approved: 'Approved',
+  changes_requested: 'Changes Req.',
+}
+
+export function reviewStatusLabel(status: DecisionReviewStatus): string {
+  return locale.value === 'en' ? (EN_REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS[status] ?? status) : (REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS[status] ?? status)
+}
+
 export type StatusKind =
   | 'meeting'
   | 'agenda'
@@ -108,8 +130,73 @@ const LABELS_BY_KIND: Record<StatusKind, Record<string, string>> = {
   priority: PRIORITY_LABELS,
 }
 
+const EN_LABELS_BY_KIND: Record<StatusKind, Record<string, string>> = {
+  meeting: {
+    draft: 'Draft',
+    ready: 'Ready',
+    in_progress: 'In Progress',
+    completed: 'Completed',
+    canceled: 'Canceled',
+  },
+  agenda: {
+    planned: 'Planned',
+    in_progress: 'In Progress',
+    completed: 'Completed',
+    skipped: 'Skipped',
+    canceled: 'Canceled',
+  },
+  decision: {
+    proposed: 'Proposed',
+    final: 'Final',
+    superseded: 'Superseded',
+    withdrawn: 'Withdrawn',
+  },
+  action: {
+    open: 'Open',
+    in_progress: 'In Progress',
+    done: 'Done',
+    canceled: 'Canceled',
+  },
+  question: {
+    open: 'Open',
+    scheduled: 'Scheduled',
+    resolved: 'Resolved',
+    dropped: 'Dropped',
+  },
+  project: {
+    planned: 'Planned',
+    active: 'Active',
+    paused: 'Paused',
+    completed: 'Completed',
+    canceled: 'Canceled',
+  },
+  user: {
+    pending: 'Pending',
+    active: 'Active',
+    rejected: 'Rejected',
+    disabled: 'Archived',
+  },
+  job: {
+    queued: 'Queued',
+    requesting: 'Running',
+    succeeded: 'Succeeded',
+    failed: 'Failed',
+    interrupted: 'Interrupted',
+    canceled: 'Canceled',
+    dismissed: 'Dismissed',
+    applied: 'Applied',
+  },
+  priority: {
+    urgent: 'Urgent',
+    high: 'High',
+    normal: 'Normal',
+    low: 'Low',
+  },
+}
+
 export function statusLabel(kind: StatusKind, status: string): string {
-  return LABELS_BY_KIND[kind][status] ?? status
+  const table = locale.value === 'en' ? EN_LABELS_BY_KIND : LABELS_BY_KIND
+  return table[kind][status] ?? status
 }
 
 export const meetingStatusLabel = (status: string) => statusLabel('meeting', status)
@@ -121,3 +208,4 @@ export const projectStatusLabel = (status: string) => statusLabel('project', sta
 export const userStatusLabel = (status: string) => statusLabel('user', status)
 export const jobStatusLabel = (status: string) => statusLabel('job', status)
 export const priorityLabel = (priority: string) => statusLabel('priority', priority)
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/links.ts b/frontend/src/utils/links.ts
index 475d6a1..6cdf923 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/links.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/links.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { locale } from '../i18n'
+
 export function subjectHref(
   subjectType: string,
   subjectId: string,
@@ -27,6 +29,13 @@ export function notificationHref(item: {
 }
 
 export function subjectLabel(subjectType: string): string {
+  if (locale.value === 'en') {
+    if (subjectType === 'meeting') return 'Meeting'
+    if (subjectType === 'agenda_item') return 'Agenda'
+    if (subjectType === 'decision') return 'Decision'
+    if (subjectType === 'project') return 'Project'
+    return 'Action'
+  }
   if (subjectType === 'meeting') return '会议'
   if (subjectType === 'agenda_item') return '议题'
   if (subjectType === 'decision') return '决策'
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/time.ts b/frontend/src/utils/time.ts
index 17d6ebe..b7200f4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/time.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/time.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { locale } from '../i18n'
+
 export function parseUtcTimestamp(value: string): Date {
   const normalized = /Z$|[+-]\d{2}:\d{2}$/.test(value) ? value : `${value}Z`
   return new Date(normalized)
@@ -22,6 +24,11 @@ export function formatDuration(seconds: number | null): string {
   const remainingSeconds = seconds % 3600
   const minutes = Math.floor(remainingSeconds / 60)
   const remainder = remainingSeconds % 60
+  if (locale.value === 'en') {
+    if (hours) return `${hours}h${minutes ? ` ${minutes}m` : ''}${remainder ? ` ${remainder}s` : ''}`
+    if (!minutes) return `${remainder}s`
+    return remainder ? `${minutes}m ${remainder}s` : `${minutes} min`
+  }
   if (hours) return `${hours} 小时${minutes ? ` ${minutes} 分` : ''}${remainder ? ` ${remainder} 秒` : ''}`
   if (!minutes) return `${remainder} 秒`
   return remainder ? `${minutes} 分 ${remainder} 秒` : `${minutes} 分钟`
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/AccountView.vue b/frontend/src/views/AccountView.vue
index 883e4b7..7a9fda8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/AccountView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/AccountView.vue
@@ -10,28 +10,30 @@ import {
   type FormInst,
   type FormRules,
 } from 'naive-ui'
-import { nextTick, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
+import { computed, nextTick, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import { fetchApiKey, rotateApiKey } from '../api/meetings'
 import { clearSession } from '../auth/session'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const message = useMessage()
 const formRef = ref<FormInst | null>(null)
 const form = reactive({ current_password: '', new_password: '' })
-const rules: FormRules = {
+const rules = computed<FormRules>(() => ({
   current_password: [
-    { required: true, message: '请输入当前密码', trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
+    { required: true, message: tr('请输入当前密码', 'Please enter current password'), trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
   ],
   new_password: [
-    { required: true, message: '请输入新密码', trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
-    { min: 12, message: '新密码至少 12 位', trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
-    { max: 200, message: '新密码不能超过 200 个字符', trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
+    { required: true, message: tr('请输入新密码', 'Please enter new password'), trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
+    { min: 12, message: tr('新密码至少 12 位', 'New password must be at least 12 characters'), trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
+    { max: 200, message: tr('新密码不能超过 200 个字符', 'New password cannot exceed 200 characters'), trigger: ['input', 'blur'] },
   ],
-}
+}))
 const error = ref('')
 const saving = ref(false)
 const apiKey = ref('')
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ async function loadToken() {
     const res = await fetchApiKey()
     apiKey.value = res.api_key
   } catch (caught) {
-    keyError.value = errorMessage(caught, '访问令牌加载失败')
+    keyError.value = errorMessage(caught, tr('访问令牌加载失败', 'Failed to load access token'))
   } finally {
     loadingKey.value = false
   }
@@ -60,9 +62,9 @@ async function rotateToken() {
   try {
     const res = await rotateApiKey()
     apiKey.value = res.api_key
-    message.success('访问令牌已轮换，旧令牌已失效')
+    message.success(tr('访问令牌已轮换，旧令牌已失效', 'Access token rotated; previous token is now invalid'))
   } catch (caught) {
-    keyError.value = errorMessage(caught, '令牌轮换失败')
+    keyError.value = errorMessage(caught, tr('令牌轮换失败', 'Failed to rotate token'))
   } finally {
     rotatingKey.value = false
   }
@@ -86,13 +88,13 @@ async function changePassword() {
         new_password: form.new_password,
       }),
     })
-    message.success('密码已修改，请重新登录')
+    message.success(tr('密码已修改，请重新登录', 'Password changed, please sign in again'))
     // Let the message render before the session clears and this view unmounts.
     await nextTick()
     clearSession()
     await router.push('/login')
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '修改失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('修改失败', 'Failed to change password'))
   } finally {
     saving.value = false
   }
@@ -102,10 +104,10 @@ async function changePassword() {
 <template>
   <main class="page page-narrow account-page">
     <header class="page-heading">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">Account</p><h1>账号设置</h1></div>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">Account</p><h1>{{ tr('账号设置', 'Account Settings') }}</h1></div>
     </header>
-    <n-card title="修改密码">
-      <p class="muted">修改后，其他设备上的旧会话也会立即失效。</p>
+    <n-card :title="tr('修改密码', 'Change Password')">
+      <p class="muted">{{ tr('修改后，其他设备上的旧会话也会立即失效。', 'Updating your password immediately invalidates existing sessions on other devices.') }}</p>
       <n-form
         ref="formRef"
         :model="form"
@@ -114,41 +116,41 @@ async function changePassword() {
         :show-require-mark="false"
         @submit.prevent="changePassword"
       >
-        <n-form-item label="当前密码" path="current_password">
+        <n-form-item :label="tr('当前密码', 'Current Password')" path="current_password">
           <n-input
             v-model:value="form.current_password"
             type="password"
             show-password-on="click"
-            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '当前密码', autocomplete: 'current-password' }"
+            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('当前密码', 'Current Password'), autocomplete: 'current-password' }"
           />
         </n-form-item>
-        <n-form-item label="新密码" path="new_password">
+        <n-form-item :label="tr('新密码', 'New Password')" path="new_password">
           <n-input
             v-model:value="form.new_password"
             type="password"
             show-password-on="click"
-            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '新密码', autocomplete: 'new-password' }"
+            :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('新密码', 'New Password'), autocomplete: 'new-password' }"
           />
         </n-form-item>
         <n-alert v-if="error" type="error">{{ error }}</n-alert>
         <n-button type="primary" attr-type="submit" :loading="saving" :disabled="saving">
-          {{ saving ? '正在修改…' : '修改密码' }}
+          {{ saving ? tr('正在修改…', 'Updating…') : tr('修改密码', 'Update Password') }}
         </n-button>
       </n-form>
     </n-card>
 
-    <n-card title="个人访问令牌" style="margin-top: 20px;">
-      <p class="muted">用于自动化脚本或外部工具授权访问，轮换后旧令牌立即失效。</p>
+    <n-card :title="tr('个人访问令牌', 'Personal Access Token')" style="margin-top: 20px;">
+      <p class="muted">{{ tr('用于自动化脚本或外部工具授权访问，轮换后旧令牌立即失效。', 'Use for automation scripts or external tool authorization. Rotating immediately revokes the previous token.') }}</p>
       <div v-if="!apiKey" class="row-actions" style="justify-content: flex-start;">
-        <n-button quaternary :loading="loadingKey" @click="loadToken">查看访问令牌</n-button>
+        <n-button quaternary :loading="loadingKey" @click="loadToken">{{ tr('查看访问令牌', 'Reveal Access Token') }}</n-button>
       </div>
       <div v-else class="token-row" style="display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center;">
         <n-input
           :value="apiKey"
           readonly
-          :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '个人访问令牌' }"
+          :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('个人访问令牌', 'Personal Access Token') }"
         />
-        <n-button quaternary :loading="rotatingKey" @click="rotateToken">轮换令牌</n-button>
+        <n-button quaternary :loading="rotatingKey" @click="rotateToken">{{ tr('轮换令牌', 'Rotate Token') }}</n-button>
       </div>
       <n-alert v-if="keyError" type="error" style="margin-top: 10px;">{{ keyError }}</n-alert>
     </n-card>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/ActionsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/ActionsView.vue
index 352d1f4..efd98ac 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/ActionsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/ActionsView.vue
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ import ActionEditDrawer from '../components/ActionEditDrawer.vue'
 import StatusPill from '../components/StatusPill.vue'
 import { loadUserNames, nameOf, userNames } from '../composables/useUserNameMap'
 import type { Project } from '../domain/projects'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 import { formatDateTime } from '../utils/time'
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
+
 type ActionRow = {
   id: string
   project_id: string
@@ -159,9 +162,9 @@ function actionButtons(row: ActionRow): VNodeChild[] {
       size: 'small',
       quaternary: true,
       disabled: busy,
-      'aria-label': `编辑行动项“${row.content}”`,
+      'aria-label': tr(`编辑行动项“${row.content}”`, `Edit action "${row.content}"`),
       onClick: () => openEdit(row),
-    }, { default: () => '编辑' }),
+    }, { default: () => tr('编辑', 'Edit') }),
   ]
   if (row.status === 'open') {
     buttons.push(h(NButton, {
@@ -169,9 +172,9 @@ function actionButtons(row: ActionRow): VNodeChild[] {
       type: 'primary',
       loading: busy,
       disabled: busy,
-      'aria-label': `开始行动项“${row.content}”`,
+      'aria-label': tr(`开始行动项“${row.content}”`, `Start action "${row.content}"`),
       onClick: () => void transitionStatus(row, 'in_progress'),
-    }, { default: () => '开始' }))
+    }, { default: () => tr('开始', 'Start') }))
   }
   if (row.status === 'in_progress') {
     buttons.push(h(NButton, {
@@ -179,71 +182,71 @@ function actionButtons(row: ActionRow): VNodeChild[] {
       type: 'primary',
       loading: busy,
       disabled: busy,
-      'aria-label': `完成行动项“${row.content}”`,
+      'aria-label': tr(`完成行动项“${row.content}”`, `Complete action "${row.content}"`),
       onClick: () => void transitionStatus(row, 'done'),
-    }, { default: () => '完成' }))
+    }, { default: () => tr('完成', 'Done') }))
   }
   if (row.status === 'open' || row.status === 'in_progress') {
     buttons.push(h(NPopconfirm, {
-      positiveText: '确认',
-      negativeText: '取消',
+      positiveText: tr('确认', 'Confirm'),
+      negativeText: tr('取消', 'Cancel'),
       onPositiveClick: () => void transitionStatus(row, 'canceled'),
     }, {
       trigger: () => h(NButton, {
         size: 'small',
         quaternary: true,
         disabled: busy,
-        'aria-label': `取消行动项“${row.content}”`,
-      }, { default: () => '取消' }),
-      default: () => `确定取消行动项“${row.content}”吗？`,
+        'aria-label': tr(`取消行动项“${row.content}”`, `Cancel action "${row.content}"`),
+      }, { default: () => tr('取消', 'Cancel') }),
+      default: () => tr(`确定取消行动项“${row.content}”吗？`, `Cancel action "${row.content}"?`),
     }))
   }
   return buttons
 }
 
-const columns: DataTableColumns<ActionRow> = [
-  { title: '内容', key: 'content', minWidth: 160, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
-  { title: '负责人', key: 'owner', width: 72, render: (row) => nameOf(row.owner_user_id) },
+const columns = computed<DataTableColumns<ActionRow>>(() => [
+  { title: tr('内容', 'Action'), key: 'content', minWidth: 120, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: tr('负责人', 'Owner'), key: 'owner', width: 76, render: (row) => nameOf(row.owner_user_id) },
   {
-    title: '优先级',
+    title: tr('优先级', 'Priority'),
     key: 'priority',
-    width: 72,
+    width: 84,
     render: (row) => h(StatusPill, { status: row.priority, kind: 'priority' }),
   },
   {
-    title: '状态',
+    title: tr('状态', 'Status'),
     key: 'status',
-    width: 148,
+    width: 156,
     render: (row) => h('div', { class: 'action-status-cell' }, [
       h(StatusPill, { status: row.status, kind: 'action' }),
       row.is_derived
-        ? h('span', { class: 'muted' }, '由议题派生')
+        ? h('span', { class: 'muted' }, tr('由议题派生', 'From Agenda'))
         : h('div', { class: 'row-actions action-row-actions' }, actionButtons(row)),
     ]),
   },
   {
-    title: '截止日期',
+    title: tr('截止日期', 'Due Date'),
     key: 'due_date',
-    width: 124,
+    width: 120,
     render: (row) => {
       const lines: VNodeChild[] = [
         row.due_date
-          ? h('span', { class: isOverdue(row) ? 'action-due-overdue' : undefined }, `截止 ${row.due_date}`)
-          : h('span', { class: 'muted' }, '未设截止日期'),
+          ? h('span', { class: isOverdue(row) ? 'action-due-overdue' : undefined }, `${tr('截止', 'Due')} ${row.due_date}`)
+          : h('span', { class: 'muted' }, tr('未设截止日期', 'No due date')),
       ]
-      if (row.completed_at) lines.push(h('span', { class: 'muted' }, `完成于 ${formatDateTime(row.completed_at)}`))
+      if (row.completed_at) lines.push(h('span', { class: 'muted' }, `${tr('完成于', 'Done')} ${formatDateTime(row.completed_at)}`))
       return h('div', { class: 'action-due-cell' }, lines)
     },
   },
   {
-    title: '来源会议',
+    title: tr('来源会议', 'Meeting'),
     key: 'meeting',
-    width: 80,
+    width: 84,
     render: (row) => (row.meeting_id
-      ? h(RouterLink, { to: `/meetings/${row.meeting_id}` }, { default: () => '来源会议' })
+      ? h(RouterLink, { to: `/meetings/${row.meeting_id}` }, { default: () => tr('来源会议', 'Meeting') })
       : h('span', { class: 'muted' }, '—')),
   },
-]
+])
 
 watch(() => [filters.owner, filters.status, filters.project, filters.due], () => {
   if (firstRun) return
@@ -265,14 +268,14 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page">
     <header class="workspace-page-heading">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">Action hub</p><h1>行动项</h1><p>会议产生的行动在这里汇总、筛选并持续跟踪。</p></div>
-      <span class="metric"><strong>{{ total }}</strong>项</span>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">Action hub</p><h1>{{ tr('行动项', 'Actions') }}</h1><p>{{ tr('会议产生的行动在这里汇总、筛选并持续跟踪。', 'Track, filter, and follow up on action items across all meetings.') }}</p></div>
+      <span class="metric"><strong>{{ total }}</strong>{{ tr('项', ' items') }}</span>
     </header>
     <section class="workspace-section filter-panel">
-      <label>负责人<select v-model="filters.owner"><option value="me">分配给我</option><option value="all">所有负责人</option></select></label>
-      <label>状态<select v-model="filters.status"><option value="open">待开始</option><option value="in_progress">进行中</option><option value="done">已完成</option><option value="canceled">已取消</option><option value="">全部状态</option></select></label>
-      <label>项目<select v-model="filters.project"><option value="">全部项目</option><option v-for="project in projects" :key="project.id" :value="project.id">{{ project.name }}</option></select></label>
-      <label>期限<select v-model="filters.due"><option value="">全部期限</option><option value="overdue">已逾期</option><option value="upcoming">今天及以后</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('负责人', 'Owner') }}<select v-model="filters.owner"><option value="me">{{ tr('分配给我', 'Assigned to Me') }}</option><option value="all">{{ tr('所有负责人', 'All Owners') }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('状态', 'Status') }}<select v-model="filters.status"><option value="open">{{ tr('待开始', 'Open') }}</option><option value="in_progress">{{ tr('进行中', 'In Progress') }}</option><option value="done">{{ tr('已完成', 'Done') }}</option><option value="canceled">{{ tr('已取消', 'Canceled') }}</option><option value="">{{ tr('全部状态', 'All Statuses') }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('项目', 'Project') }}<select v-model="filters.project"><option value="">{{ tr('全部项目', 'All Projects') }}</option><option v-for="project in projects" :key="project.id" :value="project.id">{{ project.name }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('期限', 'Due') }}<select v-model="filters.due"><option value="">{{ tr('全部期限', 'All Dates') }}</option><option value="overdue">{{ tr('已逾期', 'Overdue') }}</option><option value="upcoming">{{ tr('今天及以后', 'Upcoming') }}</option></select></label>
     </section>
     <n-alert v-if="error" type="error" class="workspace-section">{{ error }}</n-alert>
     <section class="workspace-section action-table-section">
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
         :row-key="rowKey"
         :row-props="rowProps"
         :pagination="pagination"
-        :scroll-x="656"
+        :scroll-x="624"
         :bordered="false"
         @update:page="changePage"
       />
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/AiTasksView.vue b/frontend/src/views/AiTasksView.vue
index 251497d..2777cf6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/AiTasksView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/AiTasksView.vue
@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@ import PluginTaskExtension from '../components/PluginTaskExtension.vue'
 import StatusPill from '../components/StatusPill.vue'
 import { loadUserNames, nameOf } from '../composables/useUserNameMap'
 import type { PluginJob } from '../domain/plugin-jobs'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 import { formatDateTime } from '../utils/time'
 
 const TERMINAL_STATUSES = ['succeeded', 'failed', 'interrupted', 'canceled']
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const jobs = ref<PluginJob[]>([])
 const loading = ref(true)
 const error = ref('')
@@ -30,18 +32,18 @@ function source(job: PluginJob) {
 }
 
 function sourceLabel(job: PluginJob) {
-  if (job.target_type === 'meeting' || job.target_type === 'agenda_item') return '会议'
-  return '项目'
+  if (job.target_type === 'meeting' || job.target_type === 'agenda_item') return tr('会议', 'Meeting')
+  return tr('项目', 'Project')
 }
 
 function statusLabel(job: PluginJob) {
-  if (job.dismissed_at) return '已丢弃结果'
-  if (job.applied_at) return '已应用'
-  if (job.status === 'queued') return '排队中'
-  if (job.status === 'requesting') return '生成中'
-  if (job.status === 'succeeded') return '已生成'
-  if (job.status === 'canceled') return '已取消'
-  return '未完成'
+  if (job.dismissed_at) return tr('已丢弃结果', 'Dismissed')
+  if (job.applied_at) return tr('已应用', 'Applied')
+  if (job.status === 'queued') return tr('排队中', 'Queued')
+  if (job.status === 'requesting') return tr('生成中', 'Generating')
+  if (job.status === 'succeeded') return tr('已生成', 'Generated')
+  if (job.status === 'canceled') return tr('已取消', 'Canceled')
+  return tr('未完成', 'Incomplete')
 }
 
 function canApplyHint(job: PluginJob) {
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ async function load() {
     jobs.value = value.items
     error.value = ''
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, 'AI 任务加载失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('AI 任务加载失败', 'Failed to load AI tasks'))
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -101,15 +103,15 @@ async function runAction(job: PluginJob, action: 'cancel' | 'rerun' | 'dismiss',
 }
 
 function cancel(job: PluginJob) {
-  return runAction(job, 'cancel', '任务取消失败')
+  return runAction(job, 'cancel', tr('任务取消失败', 'Failed to cancel task'))
 }
 
 function rerun(job: PluginJob) {
-  return runAction(job, 'rerun', '任务重跑失败')
+  return runAction(job, 'rerun', tr('任务重跑失败', 'Failed to rerun task'))
 }
 
 function dismiss(job: PluginJob) {
-  return runAction(job, 'dismiss', '当前 AI 草稿无法丢弃')
+  return runAction(job, 'dismiss', tr('当前 AI 草稿无法丢弃', 'Failed to dismiss AI draft'))
 }
 
 watch(includeHistory, () => { void load() })
@@ -124,57 +126,57 @@ onUnmounted(() => { if (poller) clearInterval(poller) })
 
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page ai-tasks-page">
-    <PageHeader eyebrow="AI work" title="AI 任务" summary="这里保留运行状态、结果与失败恢复；生成内容会直接写入发起时的编辑器。" />
+    <PageHeader eyebrow="AI work" :title="tr('AI 任务', 'AI Tasks')" :summary="tr('这里保留运行状态、结果与失败恢复；生成内容会直接写入发起时的编辑器。', 'Track AI execution status, results, and recovery; generated content is applied directly to the originating editor.')" />
     <section class="workspace-section ai-task-filters">
-      <span>显示范围</span>
-      <n-radio-group v-model:value="includeHistory" size="small" aria-label="显示范围">
-        <n-radio-button :value="false">进行中</n-radio-button>
-        <n-radio-button :value="true">全部</n-radio-button>
+      <span>{{ tr('显示范围', 'Scope') }}</span>
+      <n-radio-group v-model:value="includeHistory" size="small" :aria-label="tr('显示范围', 'Scope')">
+        <n-radio-button :value="false">{{ tr('进行中', 'Active') }}</n-radio-button>
+        <n-radio-button :value="true">{{ tr('全部', 'All') }}</n-radio-button>
       </n-radio-group>
     </section>
     <n-alert v-if="error" type="error" class="workspace-section">{{ error }}</n-alert>
-    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">正在加载 AI 任务…</p>
+    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">{{ tr('正在加载 AI 任务…', 'Loading AI tasks…') }}</p>
     <section v-else-if="jobs.length" class="task-list">
       <n-card v-for="job in jobs" :key="job.id" class="workspace-section ai-task-card" size="small">
         <header class="section-heading">
           <div>
             <p class="eyebrow">{{ job.plugin_id }} · {{ job.action_id }}</p>
             <div class="ai-task-title-row">
-              <h2>AI 任务</h2>
+              <h2>{{ tr('AI 任务', 'AI Task') }}</h2>
               <StatusPill class="ai-task-status" kind="job" :status="statusTone(job)" :label="statusLabel(job)" />
             </div>
           </div>
           <RouterLink class="text-link" :to="source(job)">
-            回到{{ sourceLabel(job) }}
+            {{ tr(`回到${sourceLabel(job)}`, `Back to ${sourceLabel(job)}`) }}
           </RouterLink>
         </header>
-        <p v-if="canApplyHint(job)" class="ai-task-apply-hint">在发起页面应用此结果</p>
+        <p v-if="canApplyHint(job)" class="ai-task-apply-hint">{{ tr('在发起页面应用此结果', 'Apply this result on the originating page') }}</p>
         <div v-if="job.error_message" class="ai-task-error">
           <p>{{ job.error_message }}</p>
         </div>
         <ul class="ai-task-meta">
-          <li v-if="job.rerun_of_id">重跑自任务 #{{ job.rerun_of_id }}</li>
-          <li v-if="job.applied_by">应用人：{{ nameOf(job.applied_by) }}</li>
-          <li v-if="job.applied_at">应用时间：{{ formatDateTime(job.applied_at) }}</li>
-          <li v-if="job.dismissed_by">丢弃人：{{ nameOf(job.dismissed_by) }}</li>
-          <li v-if="job.dismissed_at">丢弃时间：{{ formatDateTime(job.dismissed_at) }}</li>
-          <li v-if="job.created_at">创建时间：{{ formatDateTime(job.created_at) }}</li>
-          <li v-if="job.finished_at">完成时间：{{ formatDateTime(job.finished_at) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.rerun_of_id">{{ tr(`重跑自任务 #${job.rerun_of_id}`, `Rerun of task #${job.rerun_of_id}`) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.applied_by">{{ tr('应用人：', 'Applied by: ') }}{{ nameOf(job.applied_by) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.applied_at">{{ tr('应用时间：', 'Applied at: ') }}{{ formatDateTime(job.applied_at) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.dismissed_by">{{ tr('丢弃人：', 'Dismissed by: ') }}{{ nameOf(job.dismissed_by) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.dismissed_at">{{ tr('丢弃时间：', 'Dismissed at: ') }}{{ formatDateTime(job.dismissed_at) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.created_at">{{ tr('创建时间：', 'Created at: ') }}{{ formatDateTime(job.created_at) }}</li>
+          <li v-if="job.finished_at">{{ tr('完成时间：', 'Finished at: ') }}{{ formatDateTime(job.finished_at) }}</li>
         </ul>
         <PluginTaskExtension :job="job" />
         <div class="row-actions">
-          <n-button v-if="canCancel(job)" quaternary :loading="jobBusy === job.id" :disabled="Boolean(jobBusy)" @click="cancel(job)">取消任务</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="canRerun(job)" quaternary :loading="jobBusy === job.id" :disabled="Boolean(jobBusy)" @click="rerun(job)">重新运行</n-button>
-          <n-popconfirm v-if="canDismiss(job)" positive-text="确认" negative-text="取消" @positive-click="dismiss(job)">
+          <n-button v-if="canCancel(job)" quaternary :loading="jobBusy === job.id" :disabled="Boolean(jobBusy)" @click="cancel(job)">{{ tr('取消任务', 'Cancel Task') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="canRerun(job)" quaternary :loading="jobBusy === job.id" :disabled="Boolean(jobBusy)" @click="rerun(job)">{{ tr('重新运行', 'Rerun') }}</n-button>
+          <n-popconfirm v-if="canDismiss(job)" :positive-text="tr('确认', 'Confirm')" :negative-text="tr('取消', 'Cancel')" @positive-click="dismiss(job)">
             <template #trigger>
-              <n-button quaternary :loading="jobBusy === job.id" :disabled="Boolean(jobBusy)">丢弃</n-button>
+              <n-button quaternary :loading="jobBusy === job.id" :disabled="Boolean(jobBusy)">{{ tr('丢弃', 'Dismiss') }}</n-button>
             </template>
-            确定丢弃这份 AI 结果吗？丢弃后不会再出现在进行中列表。
+            {{ tr('确定丢弃这份 AI 结果吗？丢弃后不会再出现在进行中列表。', 'Are you sure you want to dismiss this AI result? It will be removed from the active list.') }}
           </n-popconfirm>
         </div>
       </n-card>
     </section>
-    <p v-else class="empty-state">尚无 AI 任务。可从会议或项目页面发起生成。</p>
+    <p v-else class="empty-state">{{ tr('尚无 AI 任务。可从会议或项目页面发起生成。', 'No AI tasks yet. Start generation from a meeting or project page.') }}</p>
   </main>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/DecisionsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/DecisionsView.vue
index b534252..a641cfe 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/DecisionsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/DecisionsView.vue
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ import StatusPill from '../components/StatusPill.vue'
 import { loadUserNames, nameOf, userNames } from '../composables/useUserNameMap'
 import type { Decision } from '../domain/outcomes'
 import type { Project } from '../domain/projects'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
-import { REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS } from '../utils/labels'
+import { reviewStatusLabel } from '../utils/labels'
 import { formatDateTime } from '../utils/time'
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
+
 const PAGE_SIZE = 50
 
 const REVIEW_STATUS_TYPES: Record<string, 'default' | 'warning' | 'success' | 'error'> = {
@@ -127,49 +130,49 @@ function reviewerBadges(row: Decision) {
     type: REVIEW_STATUS_TYPES[reviewer.status] ?? 'default',
     class: 'reviewer-badge',
   }, {
-    default: () => `${nameOf(reviewer.user_id)}·${REVIEW_STATUS_LABELS[reviewer.status] ?? reviewer.status}`,
+    default: () => `${nameOf(reviewer.user_id)}·${reviewStatusLabel(reviewer.status)}`,
   })))
 }
 
-const columns: DataTableColumns<Decision> = [
-  { title: '标题', key: 'title', minWidth: 160, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+const columns = computed<DataTableColumns<Decision>>(() => [
+  { title: tr('标题', 'Title'), key: 'title', minWidth: 120, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
   {
-    title: '项目',
+    title: tr('项目', 'Project'),
     key: 'project',
-    width: 148,
+    width: 124,
     ellipsis: { tooltip: true },
     render: (row) => projectNames.value[row.project_id] ?? row.project_id,
   },
   {
-    title: '状态',
+    title: tr('状态', 'Status'),
     key: 'status',
-    width: 82,
+    width: 90,
     render: (row) => h(StatusPill, { status: row.status, kind: 'decision' }),
   },
   {
-    title: '评审人',
+    title: tr('评审人', 'Reviewers'),
     key: 'reviewers',
-    width: 80,
+    width: 98,
     render: (row) => reviewerBadges(row),
   },
   {
-    title: '更新时间',
+    title: tr('更新时间', 'Updated'),
     key: 'updated_at',
-    width: 144,
+    width: 132,
     render: (row) => formatDateTime(row.updated_at),
   },
   {
-    title: '来源会议',
+    title: tr('来源会议', 'Meeting'),
     key: 'meeting',
-    width: 80,
+    width: 86,
     render: (row) => (row.meeting_id
       ? h(RouterLink, {
         to: `/meetings/${row.meeting_id}`,
         onClick: (event: MouseEvent) => event.stopPropagation(),
-      }, { default: () => '来源会议' })
+      }, { default: () => tr('来源会议', 'Meeting') })
       : h('span', { class: 'muted' }, '—')),
   },
-]
+])
 
 watch(() => [filters.project, filters.status, filters.reviewer], () => {
   if (firstRun) return
@@ -191,13 +194,13 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page">
     <header class="workspace-page-heading">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">Decision log</p><h1>决策日志</h1><p>跨项目查看提案、最终决策及其评审状态。</p></div>
-      <span class="metric"><strong>{{ total }}</strong>项</span>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">Decision log</p><h1>{{ tr('决策日志', 'Decisions') }}</h1><p>{{ tr('跨项目查看提案、最终决策及其评审状态。', 'Browse proposals, final decisions, and review status across projects.') }}</p></div>
+      <span class="metric"><strong>{{ total }}</strong>{{ tr('项', ' items') }}</span>
     </header>
     <section class="workspace-section filter-panel">
-      <label>项目<select v-model="filters.project"><option value="">全部项目</option><option v-for="project in projects" :key="project.id" :value="project.id">{{ project.name }}</option></select></label>
-      <label>状态<select v-model="filters.status"><option value="">全部状态</option><option value="proposed">待确认</option><option value="final">已生效</option><option value="superseded">已替代</option><option value="withdrawn">已撤回</option></select></label>
-      <label>评审人<n-select v-model:value="filters.reviewer" class="decision-reviewer-filter" :options="reviewerOptions" :virtual-scroll="false" clearable placeholder="全部评审人" /></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('项目', 'Project') }}<select v-model="filters.project"><option value="">{{ tr('全部项目', 'All Projects') }}</option><option v-for="project in projects" :key="project.id" :value="project.id">{{ project.name }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('状态', 'Status') }}<select v-model="filters.status"><option value="">{{ tr('全部状态', 'All Statuses') }}</option><option value="proposed">{{ tr('待确认', 'Proposed') }}</option><option value="final">{{ tr('已生效', 'Final') }}</option><option value="superseded">{{ tr('已替代', 'Superseded') }}</option><option value="withdrawn">{{ tr('已撤回', 'Withdrawn') }}</option></select></label>
+      <label>{{ tr('评审人', 'Reviewer') }}<n-select v-model:value="filters.reviewer" class="decision-reviewer-filter" :options="reviewerOptions" :virtual-scroll="false" clearable :placeholder="tr('全部评审人', 'All Reviewers')" /></label>
     </section>
     <n-alert v-if="error" type="error" class="workspace-section">{{ error }}</n-alert>
     <section class="workspace-section decision-table-section">
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
         :row-key="(row: Decision) => row.id"
         :row-props="rowProps"
         :pagination="pagination"
-        :scroll-x="694"
+        :scroll-x="650"
         :bordered="false"
         @update:page="changePage"
       />
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/HomeView.vue b/frontend/src/views/HomeView.vue
index c208961..f40e443 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/HomeView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/HomeView.vue
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { RouterLink } from 'vue-router'
 import { NBadge, NCard, NEmpty, NSkeleton } from 'naive-ui'
 
 import { api } from '../api/client'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { formatDateTime } from '../utils/time'
 import { streamPluginAction } from '../api/plugin-stream'
 import AttentionCard, { type AttentionItem } from '../components/AttentionCard.vue'
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ type AttentionResponse = {
 type PluginAction = { action_id: string }
 type WorkBriefResponse = { content_markdown: string; generated_at: string | null }
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const response = ref<AttentionResponse | null>(null)
 const loading = ref(true)
 const error = ref('')
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ async function loadWorkBriefCapability(revision: number) {
   } catch (reason) {
     if (!isCurrentWorkBriefRevision(revision)) return
     workBriefEnabled.value = false
-    workBriefError.value = errorMessage(reason, 'AI 插件状态读取失败')
+    workBriefError.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('AI 插件状态读取失败', 'Failed to load AI plugin status'))
   }
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ async function loadWorkBrief(revision: number) {
   } catch (reason) {
     if (!isCurrentWorkBriefRevision(revision)) return
     if (!workBriefError.value) {
-      workBriefError.value = errorMessage(reason, 'AI 工作简报读取失败')
+      workBriefError.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('AI 工作简报读取失败', 'Failed to load AI work brief'))
     }
   }
 }
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ async function load() {
   try {
     await loadAttention()
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '工作区加载失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('工作区加载失败', 'Failed to load workspace'))
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ async function generateWorkBrief() {
     }
   } catch (reason) {
     if (!controller.signal.aborted && isCurrentWorkBriefRevision(revision) && workBriefController.value === controller) {
-      workBriefError.value = errorMessage(reason, 'AI 工作简报生成失败，请稍后重试')
+      workBriefError.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('AI 工作简报生成失败，请稍后重试', 'Failed to generate AI work brief'))
     }
   } finally {
     if (workBriefController.value === controller) workBriefController.value = null
@@ -137,18 +139,18 @@ onBeforeUnmount(cancelWorkBrief)
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page">
     <header class="workspace-page-heading">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">For you</p><h1>今天需要你关注的事</h1><p>把跨项目的待办、评审和会议准备收拢到一个队列。</p></div>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">For you</p><h1>{{ tr('今天需要你关注的事', 'What Needs Your Attention Today') }}</h1><p>{{ tr('把跨项目的待办、评审和会议准备收拢到一个队列。', 'Bring cross-project action items, reviews, and meeting prep into one queue.') }}</p></div>
       <div class="home-heading-actions">
         <span v-if="response" class="unread-summary">
           <n-badge :value="response.unread_count" :show="response.unread_count > 0" />
-          <span>{{ response.unread_count }} 条未读提醒</span>
+          <span>{{ tr(`${response.unread_count} 条未读提醒`, `${response.unread_count} unread alerts`) }}</span>
         </span>
-        <button class="button button-quiet" @click="load">刷新</button>
+        <button class="button button-quiet" @click="load">{{ tr('刷新', 'Refresh') }}</button>
       </div>
     </header>
     <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</p>
     <div v-if="loading" class="home-loading">
-      <p class="empty-state">正在整理你的工作区…</p>
+      <p class="empty-state">{{ tr('正在整理你的工作区…', 'Organizing your workspace…') }}</p>
       <n-skeleton text :repeat="3" />
     </div>
     <div v-else class="home-workspace">
@@ -160,10 +162,10 @@ onBeforeUnmount(cancelWorkBrief)
           content-class="home-card-body"
           content-style="padding: 0"
         >
-          <div class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Priority queue</p><h2 id="priority-queue-title">需要关注</h2></div><span class="metric"><strong>{{ priorities.length }}</strong> 项</span></div>
+          <div class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Priority queue</p><h2 id="priority-queue-title">{{ tr('需要关注', 'Attention Queue') }}</h2></div><span class="metric"><strong>{{ priorities.length }}</strong> {{ tr('项', 'items') }}</span></div>
           <div v-if="priorities.length" class="attention-list"><AttentionCard v-for="item in priorities" :key="`${item.subject_type}:${item.subject_id}`" :item="item" /></div>
-          <n-empty v-else class="empty-state compact" description="目前没有需要立即处理的事项">
-            <p>新的指派、评审和回复会出现在这里。</p>
+          <n-empty v-else class="empty-state compact" :description="tr('目前没有需要立即处理的事项', 'No items require immediate attention')">
+            <p>{{ tr('新的指派、评审和回复会出现在这里。', 'New assignments, reviews, and replies will appear here.') }}</p>
           </n-empty>
         </n-card>
         <n-card
@@ -173,9 +175,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(cancelWorkBrief)
           content-class="home-card-body"
           content-style="padding: 0"
         >
-          <div class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Next up</p><h2 id="upcoming-meetings-title">近期会议</h2></div><RouterLink class="text-link" to="/meetings">全部</RouterLink></div>
+          <div class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Next up</p><h2 id="upcoming-meetings-title">{{ tr('近期会议', 'Upcoming Meetings') }}</h2></div><RouterLink class="text-link" to="/meetings">{{ tr('全部', 'All') }}</RouterLink></div>
           <RouterLink v-for="item in meetings" :key="item.subject_id" class="upcoming-meeting" :to="`/meetings/${item.subject_id}`"><strong>{{ item.title }}</strong><span>{{ item.project.name }}</span><time v-if="item.scheduled_start">{{ formatDateTime(item.scheduled_start) }}</time></RouterLink>
-          <n-empty v-if="!meetings.length" class="empty-state compact" description="未来七天没有需要你参加的会议。" />
+          <n-empty v-if="!meetings.length" class="empty-state compact" :description="tr('未来七天没有需要你参加的会议。', 'No meetings scheduled for you in the next 7 days.')" />
         </n-card>
       </div>
 
@@ -183,19 +185,19 @@ onBeforeUnmount(cancelWorkBrief)
         <div class="ai-work-brief-heading">
           <div>
             <p class="eyebrow">Work brief</p>
-            <h2>AI 工作简报</h2>
-            <p>{{ workBriefEnabled ? '汇总你全部项目中的当前工作，仅供阅读。' : '加载工作简报插件后，可汇总你的跨项目工作。' }}</p>
-            <span v-if="workBrief?.generated_at" class="brief-generated-at">上次生成于 {{ formatDateTime(workBrief.generated_at) }}</span>
+            <h2>{{ tr('AI 工作简报', 'AI Work Brief') }}</h2>
+            <p>{{ workBriefEnabled ? tr('汇总你全部项目中的当前工作，仅供阅读。', 'Summarizes your current work across all projects for quick reading.') : tr('加载工作简报插件后，可汇总你的跨项目工作。', 'Enable the work brief plugin to summarize cross-project work.') }}</p>
+            <span v-if="workBrief?.generated_at" class="brief-generated-at">{{ tr('上次生成于', 'Last generated') }} {{ formatDateTime(workBrief.generated_at) }}</span>
           </div>
           <div v-if="workBriefEnabled" class="ai-brief-actions">
-            <button class="button button-small" :disabled="workBriefRunning" @click="generateWorkBrief">{{ workBriefRunning ? '正在生成…' : '生成工作简报' }}</button>
-            <button v-if="workBriefRunning" class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="cancelWorkBrief">取消</button>
+            <button class="button button-small" :disabled="workBriefRunning" @click="generateWorkBrief">{{ workBriefRunning ? tr('正在生成…', 'Generating…') : tr('生成工作简报', 'Generate Brief') }}</button>
+            <button v-if="workBriefRunning" class="button button-small button-quiet" @click="cancelWorkBrief">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</button>
           </div>
-          <button v-else class="button button-small" disabled>尚未启用</button>
+          <button v-else class="button button-small" disabled>{{ tr('尚未启用', 'Not Enabled') }}</button>
         </div>
         <p v-if="workBriefError" class="notice notice-error ai-brief-output" role="alert">{{ workBriefError }}</p>
         <section v-else-if="workBriefRunning || displayedWorkBriefMarkdown" class="ai-brief-output" aria-live="polite">
-          <p v-if="workBriefRunning && !workBriefStreamMarkdown" class="muted">正在汇总全部项目的当前工作…</p>
+          <p v-if="workBriefRunning && !workBriefStreamMarkdown" class="muted">{{ tr('正在汇总全部项目的当前工作…', 'Summarizing current work across all projects…') }}</p>
           <MarkdownView v-else :source="displayedWorkBriefMarkdown" />
         </section>
       </n-card>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/InboxView.vue b/frontend/src/views/InboxView.vue
index e69834e..882970c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/InboxView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/InboxView.vue
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { RouterLink } from 'vue-router'
 
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import { refreshUnread } from '../composables/useInboxUnread'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 import { notificationHref, subjectLabel } from '../utils/links'
 import { formatDateTime } from '../utils/time'
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ type InboxChanges = {
 
 const CHANGES_PAGE_SIZE = 50
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const items = ref<NotificationItem[]>([])
 const nextCursor = ref<number | null>(null)
 const changesCursor = ref(0)
@@ -43,18 +45,21 @@ const readAllBusy = ref(false)
 const error = ref('')
 let changesInFlight = false
 
-const kindLabels: Record<string, string> = {
-  'action.assigned': '分配了行动项给你',
-  'decision.review_requested': '请求你评审决策',
-  'comment.mention': '提到了你',
-  'comment.reply': '回复了你',
+const kindLabel = (kind: string) => {
+  const map: Record<string, string> = {
+    'action.assigned': tr('分配了行动项给你', 'assigned an action item to you'),
+    'decision.review_requested': tr('请求你评审决策', 'requested your decision review'),
+    'comment.mention': tr('提到了你', 'mentioned you'),
+    'comment.reply': tr('回复了你', 'replied to you'),
+  }
+  return map[kind] ?? kind
 }
 
 const actorLabel = (item: NotificationItem) =>
-  item.actor?.display_name || item.actor?.username || '系统'
+  item.actor?.display_name || item.actor?.username || tr('系统', 'System')
 
 const message = (item: NotificationItem) =>
-  `${actorLabel(item)} · ${kindLabels[item.kind] ?? item.kind} · ${subjectLabel(item.subject.type)}`
+  `${actorLabel(item)} · ${kindLabel(item.kind)} · ${subjectLabel(item.subject.type)}`
 
 async function load() {
   loading.value = true
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ async function load() {
     hasMoreChanges.value = false
     void refreshChanges()
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '通知加载失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('通知加载失败', 'Failed to load notifications'))
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ async function loadMore() {
     items.value.push(...value.items)
     nextCursor.value = value.next_cursor
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '通知加载失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('通知加载失败', 'Failed to load notifications'))
   } finally {
     loadingMore.value = false
   }
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ async function markRead(item: NotificationItem) {
   } catch (reason) {
     item.read_at = null
     unreadCount.value += 1
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '标记已读失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('标记已读失败', 'Failed to mark as read'))
   }
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +151,7 @@ async function readAll() {
     unreadCount.value = 0
     await refreshUnread()
   } catch (reason) {
-    error.value = errorMessage(reason, '全部已读失败')
+    error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('全部已读失败', 'Failed to mark all as read'))
   } finally {
     readAllBusy.value = false
   }
@@ -165,11 +170,11 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page">
     <header class="workspace-page-heading">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">Inbox</p><h1>收件箱</h1><p>评论提及、指派和评审请求都会汇总到这里。</p></div>
-      <n-button secondary :disabled="!unreadCount" :loading="readAllBusy" @click="readAll">全部已读</n-button>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">Inbox</p><h1>{{ tr('收件箱', 'Inbox') }}</h1><p>{{ tr('评论提及、指派和评审请求都会汇总到这里。', 'Mentions, assignments, and review requests are collected here.') }}</p></div>
+      <n-button secondary :disabled="!unreadCount" :loading="readAllBusy" @click="readAll">{{ tr('全部已读', 'Mark All Read') }}</n-button>
     </header>
     <n-alert v-if="error" type="error" class="workspace-section">{{ error }}</n-alert>
-    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">正在加载通知…</p>
+    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">{{ tr('正在加载通知…', 'Loading notifications…') }}</p>
     <template v-else-if="items.length">
       <n-list bordered class="inbox-list">
         <n-list-item
@@ -184,21 +189,21 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
             <span class="attention-kind" :data-kind="item.subject.type">{{ subjectLabel(item.subject.type) }}</span>
             <div class="grow">
               <h3>{{ message(item) }}</h3>
-              <p class="attention-reasons"><time>{{ formatDateTime(item.created_at) }}</time><span v-if="item.read_at" class="muted"> · 已读</span></p>
+              <p class="attention-reasons"><time>{{ formatDateTime(item.created_at) }}</time><span v-if="item.read_at" class="muted"> · {{ tr('已读', 'Read') }}</span></p>
             </div>
             <NIcon aria-hidden="true" :size="18"><ChevronRight /></NIcon>
           </RouterLink>
         </n-list-item>
       </n-list>
       <div v-if="nextCursor" class="inbox-load-more">
-        <n-button quaternary :loading="loadingMore" :disabled="loadingMore" @click="loadMore">加载更多</n-button>
+        <n-button quaternary :loading="loadingMore" :disabled="loadingMore" @click="loadMore">{{ tr('加载更多', 'Load more') }}</n-button>
       </div>
       <div v-if="hasMoreChanges" class="inbox-changes-more">
-        <n-button text @click="load">点击刷新查看全部</n-button>
+        <n-button text @click="load">{{ tr('点击刷新查看全部', 'Click to refresh all') }}</n-button>
       </div>
     </template>
-    <n-empty v-else class="workspace-section" description="暂无通知">
-      <template #extra>新的提及、指派和评审请求会出现在这里。</template>
+    <n-empty v-else class="workspace-section" :description="tr('暂无通知', 'No notifications')">
+      <template #extra>{{ tr('新的提及、指派和评审请求会出现在这里。', 'New mentions, assignments, and review requests will appear here.') }}</template>
     </n-empty>
   </main>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/MeetingWorkspaceView.vue b/frontend/src/views/MeetingWorkspaceView.vue
index c88a115..b7a0b67 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/MeetingWorkspaceView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/MeetingWorkspaceView.vue
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ import WebhookNotifyModal from '../components/WebhookNotifyModal.vue'
 import type { Attachment, Meeting, MeetingParticipantWrite } from '../domain/meetings'
 import type { Project } from '../domain/projects'
 import { useMeetingWorkspace } from '../composables/useMeetingWorkspace'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { formatDateTime, parseUtcTimestamp, toLocalInput } from '../utils/time'
 
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const route = useRoute()
 const loading = ref(true)
 const lifecycleAction = ref<LifecycleAction | null>(null)
@@ -362,45 +364,45 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page meeting-workspace" :class="{ 'meeting-live': meeting?.status === 'in_progress' }">
-    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">正在打开会议工作区…</p>
+    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">{{ tr('正在打开会议工作区…', 'Opening meeting workspace…') }}</p>
     <template v-else-if="meeting">
-      <PageHeader :eyebrow="meeting.project.name" :title="meeting.title" :summary="`${formatDateTime(meeting.scheduled_start)} · ${meeting.participants.length} 位参与者`">
+      <PageHeader :eyebrow="meeting.project.name" :title="meeting.title" :summary="`${formatDateTime(meeting.scheduled_start)} · ${meeting.participants.length} ${tr('位参与者', 'participants')}`">
         <template #meta>
           <div class="project-context">
             <StatusPill :status="meeting.status" kind="meeting" />
-            <span v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress' && liveElapsed" class="meeting-live-clock">进行 {{ liveElapsed }}</span>
-            <span>主持：{{ meeting.host?.display_name ?? '未指定' }}</span>
-            <span>记录：{{ meeting.recorder?.display_name ?? '未指定' }}</span>
-            <span v-if="meeting.series_slot_at">系列槽位 {{ formatDateTime(meeting.series_slot_at) }}</span>
-            <span v-if="meeting.status === 'completed' && meeting.started_at" class="meeting-actual-window">开始：{{ formatDateTime(meeting.started_at) }}</span>
-            <span v-if="meeting.status === 'completed' && meeting.completed_at" class="meeting-actual-window">完成：{{ formatDateTime(meeting.completed_at) }}</span>
+            <span v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress' && liveElapsed" class="meeting-live-clock">{{ tr('进行', 'Live') }} {{ liveElapsed }}</span>
+            <span>{{ tr('主持：', 'Host: ') }}{{ meeting.host?.display_name ?? tr('未指定', 'Unassigned') }}</span>
+            <span>{{ tr('记录：', 'Recorder: ') }}{{ meeting.recorder?.display_name ?? tr('未指定', 'Unassigned') }}</span>
+            <span v-if="meeting.series_slot_at">{{ tr('系列槽位', 'Series slot') }} {{ formatDateTime(meeting.series_slot_at) }}</span>
+            <span v-if="meeting.status === 'completed' && meeting.started_at" class="meeting-actual-window">{{ tr('开始：', 'Start: ') }}{{ formatDateTime(meeting.started_at) }}</span>
+            <span v-if="meeting.status === 'completed' && meeting.completed_at" class="meeting-actual-window">{{ tr('完成：', 'End: ') }}{{ formatDateTime(meeting.completed_at) }}</span>
           </div>
         </template>
         <template #actions>
-          <n-button quaternary @click="calendarOpen = true">日历订阅</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="canContribute && (meeting.status === 'in_progress' || meeting.status === 'completed')" quaternary @click="webhookOpen = true">推送群聊</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress' || meeting.status === 'ready'" quaternary @click="focusModeOpen = true">专注模式</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="canContribute && canExportMeeting" quaternary :disabled="busy || exportAction !== null" @click="downloadExport('meeting-export.markdown')">{{ exportAction === 'meeting-export.markdown' ? '导出中…' : '导出 Markdown' }}</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="canContribute && canExportMeeting" quaternary :disabled="busy || exportAction !== null" @click="downloadExport('meeting-export.json')">{{ exportAction === 'meeting-export.json' ? '导出中…' : '导出 JSON' }}</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="canContribute && isPreparationStatus" quaternary :disabled="busy" @click="openPreparation">准备信息</n-button>
-          <n-button v-if="canContribute && isPreparationStatus" type="primary" :loading="lifecycleAction === 'start'" :disabled="busy" @click="lifecycle('start')">开始会议</n-button>
-          <n-button v-else-if="canContribute && meeting.status === 'in_progress'" type="primary" :loading="lifecycleAction === 'finish'" :disabled="busy" @click="lifecycle('finish')">结束会议</n-button>
-          <n-popconfirm v-if="canContribute && canCancelMeeting" positive-text="确认" negative-text="取消" @positive-click="lifecycle('cancel')">
+          <n-button quaternary @click="calendarOpen = true">{{ tr('日历订阅', 'Calendar') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="canContribute && (meeting.status === 'in_progress' || meeting.status === 'completed')" quaternary @click="webhookOpen = true">{{ tr('推送群聊', 'Webhook') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress' || meeting.status === 'ready'" quaternary @click="focusModeOpen = true">{{ tr('专注模式', 'Focus Mode') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="canContribute && canExportMeeting" quaternary :disabled="busy || exportAction !== null" @click="downloadExport('meeting-export.markdown')">{{ exportAction === 'meeting-export.markdown' ? tr('导出中…', 'Exporting…') : tr('导出 Markdown', 'Export Markdown') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="canContribute && canExportMeeting" quaternary :disabled="busy || exportAction !== null" @click="downloadExport('meeting-export.json')">{{ exportAction === 'meeting-export.json' ? tr('导出中…', 'Exporting…') : tr('导出 JSON', 'Export JSON') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="canContribute && isPreparationStatus" quaternary :disabled="busy" @click="openPreparation">{{ tr('准备信息', 'Prep Info') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-if="canContribute && isPreparationStatus" type="primary" :loading="lifecycleAction === 'start'" :disabled="busy" @click="lifecycle('start')">{{ tr('开始会议', 'Start Meeting') }}</n-button>
+          <n-button v-else-if="canContribute && meeting.status === 'in_progress'" type="primary" :loading="lifecycleAction === 'finish'" :disabled="busy" @click="lifecycle('finish')">{{ tr('结束会议', 'End Meeting') }}</n-button>
+          <n-popconfirm v-if="canContribute && canCancelMeeting" :positive-text="tr('确认', 'Confirm')" :negative-text="tr('取消', 'Cancel')" @positive-click="lifecycle('cancel')">
             <template #trigger>
-              <n-button quaternary :loading="lifecycleAction === 'cancel'" :disabled="busy">取消会议</n-button>
+              <n-button quaternary :loading="lifecycleAction === 'cancel'" :disabled="busy">{{ tr('取消会议', 'Cancel') }}</n-button>
             </template>
-            <span data-testid="meeting-cancel-confirm">会议将标记为已取消且不可重开。</span>
+            <span data-testid="meeting-cancel-confirm">{{ tr('会议将标记为已取消且不可重开。', 'This meeting will be marked as canceled and cannot be reopened.') }}</span>
           </n-popconfirm>
-          <n-popconfirm v-if="canContribute && meeting.status === 'completed'" positive-text="确认" negative-text="取消" @positive-click="lifecycle('reopen')">
+          <n-popconfirm v-if="canContribute && meeting.status === 'completed'" :positive-text="tr('确认', 'Confirm')" :negative-text="tr('取消', 'Cancel')" @positive-click="lifecycle('reopen')">
             <template #trigger>
-              <n-button quaternary :loading="lifecycleAction === 'reopen'" :disabled="busy">重新打开</n-button>
+              <n-button quaternary :loading="lifecycleAction === 'reopen'" :disabled="busy">{{ tr('重新打开', 'Reopen') }}</n-button>
             </template>
-            <span data-testid="meeting-reopen-confirm">重新打开后会议回到进行中，再次结束时生成新的历史快照。</span>
+            <span data-testid="meeting-reopen-confirm">{{ tr('重新打开后会议回到进行中，再次结束时生成新的历史快照。', 'Reopening returns the meeting to In Progress and creates a new snapshot when finished.') }}</span>
           </n-popconfirm>
         </template>
       </PageHeader>
 
-      <p v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress' && unresolved.length" class="meeting-unresolved">还有 {{ unresolved.length }} 个议题未结束。结束后，未结束议题会记为跳过。</p>
+      <p v-if="meeting.status === 'in_progress' && unresolved.length" class="meeting-unresolved">{{ tr(`还有 ${unresolved.length} 个议题未结束。结束后，未结束议题会记为跳过。`, `${unresolved.length} agenda item(s) still open. Unfinished items will be marked skipped.`) }}</p>
       <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</p>
 
       <CompletedMeetingChain v-if="meeting.status === 'completed'" :meeting="meeting" :can-contribute="canContribute" @reload="load" />
@@ -409,84 +411,84 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 
         <section class="workspace-section meeting-summary-section">
           <header class="section-heading">
-            <div><p class="eyebrow">Summary</p><h2>会议纪要</h2></div>
+            <div><p class="eyebrow">Summary</p><h2>{{ tr('会议纪要', 'Meeting Summary') }}</h2></div>
             <div class="row-actions">
-              <span v-if="minutesSaved || saveState === 'saved'" class="muted" role="status">纪要已保存</span>
-              <button v-if="canContribute" class="button button-quiet" :disabled="busy || !dirty" @click="saveMinutes">保存会议纪要</button>
+              <span v-if="minutesSaved || saveState === 'saved'" class="muted" role="status">{{ tr('纪要已保存', 'Summary saved') }}</span>
+              <button v-if="canContribute" class="button button-quiet" :disabled="busy || !dirty" @click="saveMinutes">{{ tr('保存会议纪要', 'Save Summary') }}</button>
             </div>
           </header>
-          <PluginEditorSlot v-if="canContribute" editor-label="会议纪要" v-model="draft.summary_markdown" data-testid="meeting-summary-editor" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" slot="meeting-summary-editor" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id, participants: meeting.participants.map((participant) => participant.user) }" @notice="error = $event">
+          <PluginEditorSlot v-if="canContribute" :editor-label="tr('会议纪要', 'Meeting Summary')" v-model="draft.summary_markdown" data-testid="meeting-summary-editor" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" slot="meeting-summary-editor" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id, participants: meeting.participants.map((participant) => participant.user) }" @notice="error = $event">
             <template #editor="{ disabled, registerEditor }">
-              <MarkdownEditor ref="summaryEditor" v-model="draft.summary_markdown" label="会议纪要" placeholder="记录会议结论、行动项和后续安排…" :disabled="busy || disabled" :register-editor="registerEditor" />
+              <MarkdownEditor ref="summaryEditor" v-model="draft.summary_markdown" :label="tr('会议纪要', 'Meeting Summary')" :placeholder="tr('记录会议结论、行动项和后续安排…', 'Record meeting conclusions, action items, and next steps…')" :disabled="busy || disabled" :register-editor="registerEditor" />
             </template>
           </PluginEditorSlot>
-          <MarkdownEditor v-else v-model="draft.summary_markdown" label="会议纪要" placeholder="记录会议结论、行动项和后续安排…" :disabled="true" />
+          <MarkdownEditor v-else v-model="draft.summary_markdown" :label="tr('会议纪要', 'Meeting Summary')" :placeholder="tr('记录会议结论、行动项和后续安排…', 'Record meeting conclusions, action items, and next steps…')" :disabled="true" />
         </section>
 
         <section class="workspace-section meeting-raw-notes">
-          <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Notes</p><h2>整场会议原始笔记</h2></div><SaveStateIndicator role="note" :state="saveState" /></header>
-          <MarkdownEditor ref="rawNotesEditor" v-model="draft.raw_notes_markdown" label="整场会议原始笔记" placeholder="记录整场会议的原始讨论内容…" :disabled="busy || !canContribute" />
-          <p v-if="conflict" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">保存版本已变化，请刷新会议后重新确认本地笔记。</p>
+          <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Notes</p><h2>{{ tr('整场会议原始笔记', 'Raw Meeting Notes') }}</h2></div><SaveStateIndicator role="note" :state="saveState" /></header>
+          <MarkdownEditor ref="rawNotesEditor" v-model="draft.raw_notes_markdown" :label="tr('整场会议原始笔记', 'Raw Meeting Notes')" :placeholder="tr('记录整场会议的原始讨论内容…', 'Capture raw discussion notes for the entire meeting…')" :disabled="busy || !canContribute" />
+          <p v-if="conflict" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ tr('保存版本已变化，请刷新会议后重新确认本地笔记。', 'Version changed on server. Please refresh and verify local notes.') }}</p>
         </section>
 
         <div class="meeting-tools workspace-section">
-          <div><p class="eyebrow">Meeting tools</p><h2>材料与协作</h2><p class="muted">材料、评论都可以在会议进行中持续添加，不会离开当前议题。</p></div>
+          <div><p class="eyebrow">Meeting tools</p><h2>{{ tr('材料与协作', 'Materials & Collab') }}</h2><p class="muted">{{ tr('材料、评论都可以在会议进行中持续添加，不会离开当前议题。', 'Add materials and comments anytime during the meeting without leaving the active topic.') }}</p></div>
           <div class="row-actions">
             <PluginSlot v-if="canContribute" slot="meeting.toolbar.action" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id }" />
-            <button class="button button-quiet" @click="materialsOpen = true">材料 ({{ materialItems.length }})</button>
-            <button v-if="canComment" class="button button-primary" @click="commentsOpen = true">评论</button>
+            <button class="button button-quiet" @click="materialsOpen = true">{{ tr('材料', 'Materials') }} ({{ materialItems.length }})</button>
+            <button v-if="canComment" class="button button-primary" @click="commentsOpen = true">{{ tr('评论', 'Comments') }}</button>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <n-drawer :show="preparationOpen" placement="right" :width="'min(560px, 100vw)'" :mask-closable="!preparationSaving" @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value) preparationOpen = false }">
-          <n-drawer-content title="准备信息" closable>
+          <n-drawer-content :title="tr('准备信息', 'Prep Info')" closable>
             <section class="meeting-preparation">
-              <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Preparation</p><h2>会议准备</h2></div></header>
+              <header class="section-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Preparation</p><h2>{{ tr('会议准备', 'Meeting Prep') }}</h2></div></header>
               <n-form ref="preparationFormRef" :model="preparationForm" :rules="preparationRules" label-placement="top" :show-require-mark="false">
-                <n-form-item label="会议标题" path="title">
-                  <n-input v-model:value="preparationForm.title" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '会议标题' }" placeholder="会议标题" />
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('会议标题', 'Meeting Title')" path="title">
+                  <n-input v-model:value="preparationForm.title" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('会议标题', 'Meeting Title') }" :placeholder="tr('会议标题', 'Meeting Title')" />
                 </n-form-item>
-                <n-form-item label="开始时间" path="scheduled_start">
-                  <input v-model="preparationForm.scheduled_start" class="native-datetime-input" type="datetime-local" aria-label="开始时间" />
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('开始时间', 'Start Time')" path="scheduled_start">
+                  <input v-model="preparationForm.scheduled_start" class="native-datetime-input" type="datetime-local" :aria-label="tr('开始时间', 'Start Time')" />
                 </n-form-item>
-                <n-form-item label="结束时间" path="scheduled_end">
-                  <input v-model="preparationForm.scheduled_end" class="native-datetime-input" type="datetime-local" aria-label="结束时间" />
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('结束时间', 'End Time')" path="scheduled_end">
+                  <input v-model="preparationForm.scheduled_end" class="native-datetime-input" type="datetime-local" :aria-label="tr('结束时间', 'End Time')" />
                 </n-form-item>
-                <n-form-item label="会议目的" path="purpose_markdown">
-                  <PluginEditorSlot v-model="preparationForm.purpose_markdown" editor-label="会议目的" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" slot="meeting-purpose-editor" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id }" @notice="preparationError = $event">
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('会议目的', 'Purpose')" path="purpose_markdown">
+                  <PluginEditorSlot v-model="preparationForm.purpose_markdown" :editor-label="tr('会议目的', 'Purpose')" target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" slot="meeting-purpose-editor" :metadata="{ projectId: meeting.project.id, meetingId: meeting.id }" @notice="preparationError = $event">
                     <template #editor="{ disabled, registerEditor }">
-                      <MarkdownEditor ref="purposeEditor" v-model="preparationForm.purpose_markdown" label="会议目的" placeholder="这次会议要解决什么问题？" :disabled="preparationSaving || disabled" :register-editor="registerEditor" />
+                      <MarkdownEditor ref="purposeEditor" v-model="preparationForm.purpose_markdown" :label="tr('会议目的', 'Purpose')" :placeholder="tr('这次会议要解决什么问题？', 'What problems will this meeting solve?')" :disabled="preparationSaving || disabled" :register-editor="registerEditor" />
                     </template>
                   </PluginEditorSlot>
                 </n-form-item>
-                <n-form-item label="主持" path="host_user_id">
-                  <n-select v-model:value="preparationForm.host_user_id" :options="hostOptions" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '主持' }" filterable clearable placeholder="未指定" />
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('主持', 'Host')" path="host_user_id">
+                  <n-select v-model:value="preparationForm.host_user_id" :options="hostOptions" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('主持', 'Host') }" filterable clearable :placeholder="tr('未指定', 'Unassigned')" />
                 </n-form-item>
-                <n-form-item label="记录" path="recorder_user_id">
-                  <n-select v-model:value="preparationForm.recorder_user_id" :options="hostOptions" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '记录' }" filterable clearable placeholder="未指定" />
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('记录', 'Recorder')" path="recorder_user_id">
+                  <n-select v-model:value="preparationForm.recorder_user_id" :options="hostOptions" :virtual-scroll="false" :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('记录', 'Recorder') }" filterable clearable :placeholder="tr('未指定', 'Unassigned')" />
                 </n-form-item>
-                <n-form-item label="参与人">
+                <n-form-item :label="tr('参与人', 'Participants')">
                   <MeetingParticipantEditor v-model="preparationForm.participants" :member-options="memberOptions" :disabled="preparationSaving" />
                 </n-form-item>
               </n-form>
-              <p v-if="membersUnavailable" class="empty-inline">成员列表不可用，仅显示当前参与人</p>
+              <p v-if="membersUnavailable" class="empty-inline">{{ tr('成员列表不可用，仅显示当前参与人', 'Member list unavailable; showing current participants only') }}</p>
               <p v-if="preparationError" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ preparationError }}</p>
             </section>
             <template #footer>
-              <n-button quaternary :disabled="preparationSaving" @click="preparationOpen = false">取消</n-button>
-              <n-button type="primary" :loading="preparationSaving" :disabled="preparationSaving" @click="savePreparation">保存准备信息</n-button>
+              <n-button quaternary :disabled="preparationSaving" @click="preparationOpen = false">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</n-button>
+              <n-button type="primary" :loading="preparationSaving" :disabled="preparationSaving" @click="savePreparation">{{ tr('保存准备信息', 'Save Prep') }}</n-button>
             </template>
           </n-drawer-content>
         </n-drawer>
         <n-drawer :show="materialsOpen" placement="right" :width="'min(560px, 100vw)'" @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value) materialsOpen = false }">
-          <n-drawer-content title="会议材料" closable>
+          <n-drawer-content :title="tr('会议材料', 'Materials')" closable>
             <AttachmentPanel target-type="meeting" :target-id="meeting.id" :attachments="materialItems" :can-contribute="canContribute" @uploaded="addMaterial" @deleted="removeMaterial" />
           </n-drawer-content>
         </n-drawer>
       </template>
       <!-- Rendered outside the non-completed branch so `?comment=` deep links open on completed meetings too. -->
       <n-drawer v-if="canComment" :show="commentsOpen" placement="right" :width="'min(560px, 100vw)'" @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value) commentsOpen = false }">
-        <n-drawer-content title="评论" closable>
+        <n-drawer-content :title="tr('评论', 'Comments')" closable>
           <MeetingCommentsPanel :meeting="meeting" :focus-comment-id="focusCommentId" />
         </n-drawer-content>
       </n-drawer>
@@ -495,6 +497,6 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
       <CalendarSubscriptionModal :show="calendarOpen" @update:show="calendarOpen = $event" />
       <WebhookNotifyModal :show="webhookOpen" :meeting="meeting" @update:show="webhookOpen = $event" />
     </template>
-    <p v-else class="notice notice-error">{{ error || '会议不存在' }}</p>
+    <p v-else class="notice notice-error">{{ error || tr('会议不存在', 'Meeting not found') }}</p>
   </main>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/MeetingsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/MeetingsView.vue
index 81153e2..3031fad 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/MeetingsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/MeetingsView.vue
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { api } from '../api/client'
 import type { Page, UserRef } from '../api/contracts'
 import type { MeetingStatus } from '../domain/meetings'
 import type { Project } from '../domain/projects'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 import { errorMessage } from '../utils/errors'
 import { formatDateTime } from '../utils/time'
 
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ type MeetingRow = { id: string; project: { id: string; name: string }; series: {
 const PAGE_SIZE = 50
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const projects = ref<Project[]>([])
 const meetings = ref<MeetingRow[]>([])
 const total = ref(0)
@@ -66,10 +68,10 @@ const visible = computed(() => meetings.value.filter((item) => (
   && (!search.value || `${item.title} ${item.project.name} ${item.series?.title ?? ''}`.toLowerCase().includes(search.value.toLowerCase()))
 )))
 const groups = computed(() => [
-  { id: 'active', title: '进行中的会议', items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'in_progress') },
-  { id: 'upcoming', title: '即将开始', items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'draft' || item.status === 'ready').sort((a, b) => a.scheduled_start.localeCompare(b.scheduled_start)) },
-  { id: 'completed', title: '最近完成', items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'completed').sort((a, b) => b.scheduled_start.localeCompare(a.scheduled_start)) },
-  { id: 'canceled', title: '已取消', items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'canceled').sort((a, b) => b.scheduled_start.localeCompare(a.scheduled_start)) },
+  { id: 'active', title: tr('进行中的会议', 'In Progress'), items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'in_progress') },
+  { id: 'upcoming', title: tr('即将开始', 'Upcoming'), items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'draft' || item.status === 'ready').sort((a, b) => a.scheduled_start.localeCompare(b.scheduled_start)) },
+  { id: 'completed', title: tr('最近完成', 'Recently Completed'), items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'completed').sort((a, b) => b.scheduled_start.localeCompare(a.scheduled_start)) },
+  { id: 'canceled', title: tr('已取消', 'Canceled'), items: visible.value.filter((item) => item.status === 'canceled').sort((a, b) => b.scheduled_start.localeCompare(a.scheduled_start)) },
 ])
 
 function syncSeriesFilterToUrl() {
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ async function load(more = false) {
     total.value = page.total
     offset.value = meetings.value.length
   } catch (caught) {
-    if (revision === loadRevision) error.value = errorMessage(caught, '会议加载失败')
+    if (revision === loadRevision) error.value = errorMessage(caught, tr('会议加载失败', 'Failed to load meetings'))
   } finally {
     if (revision === loadRevision) loading.value = false
   }
@@ -144,8 +146,8 @@ onMounted(load)
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page">
     <header class="workspace-page-heading">
-      <div><p class="eyebrow">Meeting workspace</p><h1>会议</h1><p>围绕项目组织准备、现场议题、产出和会后档案。</p></div>
-      <button class="button button-primary" @click="createOpen = true">新建会议</button>
+      <div><p class="eyebrow">Meeting workspace</p><h1>{{ tr('会议', 'Meetings') }}</h1><p>{{ tr('围绕项目组织准备、现场议题、产出和会后档案。', 'Organize prep, live agenda items, outcomes, and archives around projects.') }}</p></div>
+      <button class="button button-primary" @click="createOpen = true">{{ tr('新建会议', 'New Meeting') }}</button>
     </header>
     <MeetingCreateDrawer
       :show="createOpen"
@@ -154,32 +156,32 @@ onMounted(load)
       @close="createOpen = false"
       @created="onCreated"
     />
-    <section class="meeting-list-filters" aria-label="会议搜索与筛选">
-      <label class="search-box"><span class="search-icon" aria-hidden="true"><n-icon><Search :size="16" /></n-icon></span><input v-model.trim="search" aria-label="搜索会议" placeholder="搜索会议、项目或系列" /></label>
-      <button class="button button-quiet meeting-advanced-toggle" type="button" :class="{ 'is-active': advancedFilterCount }" :aria-label="advancedFilterCount ? `高级筛选（已启用 ${advancedFilterCount} 项）` : '高级筛选'" :aria-expanded="advancedOpen" @click="advancedOpen = !advancedOpen">
-        高级筛选<span v-if="advancedFilterCount" class="meeting-filter-count">{{ advancedFilterCount }}</span>
+    <section class="meeting-list-filters" :aria-label="tr('会议搜索与筛选', 'Meeting search and filters')">
+      <label class="search-box"><span class="search-icon" aria-hidden="true"><n-icon><Search :size="16" /></n-icon></span><input v-model.trim="search" :aria-label="tr('搜索会议', 'Search meetings')" :placeholder="tr('搜索会议、项目或系列', 'Search meetings, projects, or series')" /></label>
+      <button class="button button-quiet meeting-advanced-toggle" type="button" :class="{ 'is-active': advancedFilterCount }" :aria-label="advancedFilterCount ? tr(`高级筛选（已启用 ${advancedFilterCount} 项）`, `Advanced Filters (${advancedFilterCount} active)`) : tr('高级筛选', 'Advanced Filters')" :aria-expanded="advancedOpen" @click="advancedOpen = !advancedOpen">
+        {{ tr('高级筛选', 'Advanced Filters') }}<span v-if="advancedFilterCount" class="meeting-filter-count">{{ advancedFilterCount }}</span>
       </button>
-      <section v-if="advancedOpen" class="meeting-advanced-panel" aria-label="高级筛选条件">
-        <header><div><strong>高级筛选</strong><span v-if="advancedFilterCount">已启用 {{ advancedFilterCount }} 项</span></div><button v-if="advancedFilterCount" class="button button-quiet button-small" type="button" aria-label="清除全部高级筛选" @click="clearAdvancedFilters">清除全部</button></header>
+      <section v-if="advancedOpen" class="meeting-advanced-panel" :aria-label="tr('高级筛选条件', 'Advanced filter options')">
+        <header><div><strong>{{ tr('高级筛选', 'Advanced Filters') }}</strong><span v-if="advancedFilterCount">{{ tr(`已启用 ${advancedFilterCount} 项`, `${advancedFilterCount} active`) }}</span></div><button v-if="advancedFilterCount" class="button button-quiet button-small" type="button" :aria-label="tr('清除全部高级筛选', 'Clear all advanced filters')" @click="clearAdvancedFilters">{{ tr('清除全部', 'Clear all') }}</button></header>
         <div class="meeting-advanced-fields">
-          <label>项目<select v-model="projectFilter"><option value="">全部项目</option><option v-for="project in projects" :key="project.id" :value="project.id">{{ project.name }}</option></select></label>
-          <label>会议系列<select v-model="activeSeriesFilter" @change="syncSeriesFilterToUrl"><option value="">全部系列</option><option v-if="activeSeriesFilter && !hasActiveSeriesOption" :value="activeSeriesFilter">当前筛选系列（不可用）</option><option v-for="series in seriesOptions" :key="series.id" :value="series.id">{{ series.title }}</option></select></label>
-          <label>会议状态<select v-model="statusFilter"><option value="">全部状态</option><option value="draft">草稿</option><option value="ready">待开始</option><option value="in_progress">进行中</option><option value="completed">已完成</option><option value="canceled">已取消</option></select></label>
-          <label>参与者<select v-model="participantFilter"><option value="">全部参与者</option><option v-for="member in memberOptions" :key="member.id" :value="member.id">{{ member.display_name }}</option></select></label>
-          <label>开始时间不早于<n-date-picker v-model:value="startAfter" type="datetime" clearable :virtual-scroll="false" /></label>
-          <label>开始时间不晚于<n-date-picker v-model:value="startBefore" type="datetime" clearable :virtual-scroll="false" /></label>
+          <label>{{ tr('项目', 'Project') }}<select v-model="projectFilter"><option value="">{{ tr('全部项目', 'All Projects') }}</option><option v-for="project in projects" :key="project.id" :value="project.id">{{ project.name }}</option></select></label>
+          <label>{{ tr('会议系列', 'Series') }}<select v-model="activeSeriesFilter" @change="syncSeriesFilterToUrl"><option value="">{{ tr('全部系列', 'All Series') }}</option><option v-if="activeSeriesFilter && !hasActiveSeriesOption" :value="activeSeriesFilter">{{ tr('当前筛选系列（不可用）', 'Current series (unavailable)') }}</option><option v-for="series in seriesOptions" :key="series.id" :value="series.id">{{ series.title }}</option></select></label>
+          <label>{{ tr('会议状态', 'Status') }}<select v-model="statusFilter"><option value="">{{ tr('全部状态', 'All Statuses') }}</option><option value="draft">{{ tr('草稿', 'Draft') }}</option><option value="ready">{{ tr('待开始', 'Ready') }}</option><option value="in_progress">{{ tr('进行中', 'In Progress') }}</option><option value="completed">{{ tr('已完成', 'Completed') }}</option><option value="canceled">{{ tr('已取消', 'Canceled') }}</option></select></label>
+          <label>{{ tr('参与者', 'Participant') }}<select v-model="participantFilter"><option value="">{{ tr('全部参与者', 'All Participants') }}</option><option v-for="member in memberOptions" :key="member.id" :value="member.id">{{ member.display_name }}</option></select></label>
+          <label>{{ tr('开始时间不早于', 'Start After') }}<n-date-picker v-model:value="startAfter" type="datetime" clearable :virtual-scroll="false" /></label>
+          <label>{{ tr('开始时间不晚于', 'Start Before') }}<n-date-picker v-model:value="startBefore" type="datetime" clearable :virtual-scroll="false" /></label>
         </div>
-        <p>已加载 {{ meetings.length }} / 共 {{ total }} 场会议</p>
-        <p class="meeting-scope-note">搜索与系列筛选仅作用于已加载页</p>
+        <p>{{ tr(`已加载 ${meetings.length} / 共 ${total} 场会议`, `Loaded ${meetings.length} / ${total} meetings`) }}</p>
+        <p class="meeting-scope-note">{{ tr('搜索与系列筛选仅作用于已加载页', 'Search and series filters apply to loaded pages only') }}</p>
       </section>
     </section>
     <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error">{{ error }}</p>
-    <p v-if="loading && !meetings.length" class="empty-state">正在加载会议…</p>
+    <p v-if="loading && !meetings.length" class="empty-state">{{ tr('正在加载会议…', 'Loading meetings…') }}</p>
     <template v-else>
-      <section v-for="group in groups" :key="group.id" class="meeting-group"><header><h2>{{ group.title }}</h2><span>{{ group.items.length }}</span></header><div v-if="group.items.length" class="meeting-workspace-list"><RouterLink v-for="item in group.items" :key="item.id" :to="`/meetings/${item.id}`" class="workspace-section meeting-workspace-row"><time>{{ formatDateTime(item.scheduled_start) }}</time><div><div class="tag-row"><span class="tag tag-project">{{ item.project.name }}</span><span v-if="item.series" class="tag">{{ item.series.title }}</span><span v-if="item.occurrence_kind === 'manual'" class="tag">临时</span><StatusPill :status="item.status" kind="meeting" /></div><h3>{{ item.title }}</h3><p>{{ item.purpose_markdown || '尚未填写会议目的' }}</p></div><dl><div><dt>议题</dt><dd>{{ item.agenda_count }}</dd></div><div><dt>快照</dt><dd>{{ item.snapshot_count }}</dd></div><div><dt>更正</dt><dd>{{ item.amendment_count }}</dd></div></dl></RouterLink></div><p v-else class="empty-inline">暂无{{ group.title }}</p></section>
+      <section v-for="group in groups" :key="group.id" class="meeting-group"><header><h2>{{ group.title }}</h2><span>{{ group.items.length }}</span></header><div v-if="group.items.length" class="meeting-workspace-list"><RouterLink v-for="item in group.items" :key="item.id" :to="`/meetings/${item.id}`" class="workspace-section meeting-workspace-row"><time>{{ formatDateTime(item.scheduled_start) }}</time><div><div class="tag-row"><span class="tag tag-project">{{ item.project.name }}</span><span v-if="item.series" class="tag">{{ item.series.title }}</span><span v-if="item.occurrence_kind === 'manual'" class="tag">{{ tr('临时', 'Ad-hoc') }}</span><StatusPill :status="item.status" kind="meeting" /></div><h3>{{ item.title }}</h3><p>{{ item.purpose_markdown || tr('尚未填写会议目的', 'No meeting purpose provided') }}</p></div><dl><div><dt>{{ tr('议题', 'Agendas') }}</dt><dd>{{ item.agenda_count }}</dd></div><div><dt>{{ tr('快照', 'Snapshots') }}</dt><dd>{{ item.snapshot_count }}</dd></div><div><dt>{{ tr('更正', 'Amendments') }}</dt><dd>{{ item.amendment_count }}</dd></div></dl></RouterLink></div><p v-else class="empty-inline">{{ tr(`暂无${group.title}`, `No ${group.title.toLowerCase()} meetings`) }}</p></section>
       <div v-if="meetings.length < total" class="meeting-load-more">
-        <p v-if="activeSeriesFilter && !visible.length">当前系列不在已加载页内，请继续加载更多会议。</p>
-        <button class="button button-quiet" :disabled="loading" @click="loadMore">{{ loading ? '正在加载…' : '加载更多' }}</button>
+        <p v-if="activeSeriesFilter && !visible.length">{{ tr('当前系列不在已加载页内，请继续加载更多会议。', 'Series not in loaded page; please load more meetings.') }}</p>
+        <button class="button button-quiet" :disabled="loading" @click="loadMore">{{ loading ? tr('正在加载…', 'Loading…') : tr('加载更多', 'Load more') }}</button>
       </div>
     </template>
   </main>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/ProjectsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/ProjectsView.vue
index 0e799b3..d08389d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/ProjectsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/ProjectsView.vue
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import { RouterLink } from 'vue-router'
 import { api } from '../api/client'
 import { session } from '../auth/session'
 import type { Project, ProjectHealth, ProjectStatus } from '../domain/projects'
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n'
 
+const { tr } = useI18n()
 const projects = ref<Project[]>([])
 const loading = ref(true)
 const error = ref('')
@@ -20,7 +22,12 @@ const creating = ref(false)
 const slugTouched = ref(false)
 const form = ref({ name: '', slug: '', summary: '' })
 
-const healthLabels: Record<ProjectHealth, string> = { on_track: '进展正常', at_risk: '存在风险', off_track: '偏离计划', unset: '未设置' }
+const healthLabels = computed<Record<ProjectHealth, string>>(() => ({
+  on_track: tr('进展正常', 'On Track'),
+  at_risk: tr('存在风险', 'At Risk'),
+  off_track: tr('偏离计划', 'Off Track'),
+  unset: tr('未设置', 'Unset'),
+}))
 const filtered = computed(() => projects.value.filter((project) => (!status.value || project.status === status.value) && (!health.value || project.health === health.value)))
 
 function slugify(value: string) {
@@ -57,7 +64,7 @@ async function load() {
   loading.value = true
   error.value = ''
   try { projects.value = await api<Project[]>('/api/projects') }
-  catch (reason) { error.value = errorMessage(reason, '项目加载失败') }
+  catch (reason) { error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('项目加载失败', 'Failed to load projects')) }
   finally { loading.value = false }
 }
 
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ async function createProject() {
     form.value = { name: '', slug: '', summary: '' }
     createOpen.value = false
     await load()
-  } catch (reason) { error.value = errorMessage(reason, '项目创建失败') }
+  } catch (reason) { error.value = errorMessage(reason, tr('项目创建失败', 'Failed to create project')) }
   finally { creating.value = false }
 }
 
@@ -88,19 +95,19 @@ onMounted(load)
 
 <template>
   <main class="workspace-page">
-    <header class="workspace-page-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Projects</p><h1>项目</h1><p>从项目脉络进入会议、决策和后续行动。</p></div><button class="button button-primary" @click="openCreate">新建项目</button></header>
-    <div class="project-filters"><label>项目状态<select v-model="status"><option value="">全部状态</option><option value="active">进行中</option><option value="planned">计划中</option><option value="paused">已暂停</option><option value="completed">已完成</option><option value="canceled">已取消</option></select></label><label>健康度<select v-model="health"><option value="">全部健康度</option><option value="on_track">进展正常</option><option value="at_risk">存在风险</option><option value="off_track">偏离计划</option><option value="unset">未设置</option></select></label><span class="muted">筛选作用于已加载项目 · {{ filtered.length }} 个项目</span></div>
+    <header class="workspace-page-heading"><div><p class="eyebrow">Projects</p><h1>{{ tr('项目', 'Projects') }}</h1><p>{{ tr('从项目脉络进入会议、决策和后续行动。', 'Navigate meetings, decisions, and follow-up actions by project.') }}</p></div><button class="button button-primary" @click="openCreate">{{ tr('新建项目', 'New Project') }}</button></header>
+    <div class="project-filters"><label>{{ tr('项目状态', 'Status') }}<select v-model="status"><option value="">{{ tr('全部状态', 'All Statuses') }}</option><option value="active">{{ tr('进行中', 'Active') }}</option><option value="planned">{{ tr('计划中', 'Planned') }}</option><option value="paused">{{ tr('已暂停', 'Paused') }}</option><option value="completed">{{ tr('已完成', 'Completed') }}</option><option value="canceled">{{ tr('已取消', 'Canceled') }}</option></select></label><label>{{ tr('健康度', 'Health') }}<select v-model="health"><option value="">{{ tr('全部健康度', 'All Health') }}</option><option value="on_track">{{ tr('进展正常', 'On Track') }}</option><option value="at_risk">{{ tr('存在风险', 'At Risk') }}</option><option value="off_track">{{ tr('偏离计划', 'Off Track') }}</option><option value="unset">{{ tr('未设置', 'Unset') }}</option></select></label><span class="muted">{{ tr(`筛选作用于已加载项目 · ${filtered.length} 个项目`, `Filters apply to loaded projects · ${filtered.length} projects`) }}</span></div>
     <p v-if="error && !createOpen" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</p>
-    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">正在加载项目…</p>
+    <p v-if="loading" class="empty-state">{{ tr('正在加载项目…', 'Loading projects…') }}</p>
     <section v-else-if="filtered.length" class="project-grid">
       <RouterLink v-for="project in filtered" :key="project.id" class="project-card" :to="`/projects/${project.id}`">
         <div class="project-card-top"><span class="health-dot" :data-health="project.health"></span><span>{{ healthLabels[project.health] }}</span><StatusPill :status="project.status" kind="project" /></div>
-        <h2>{{ project.name }}</h2><p>{{ project.summary || '尚未填写项目说明' }}</p>
-        <dl><div><dt>负责人</dt><dd>{{ project.lead?.display_name ?? '未指定' }}</dd></div><div><dt>目标日期</dt><dd>{{ project.target_date ?? '未设置' }}</dd></div><div><dt>成员</dt><dd>{{ project.memberships.length }}</dd></div></dl>
-        <span class="text-link">打开项目 <NIcon aria-hidden="true" :size="16"><ChevronRight /></NIcon></span>
+        <h2>{{ project.name }}</h2><p>{{ project.summary || tr('尚未填写项目说明', 'No project summary provided') }}</p>
+        <dl><div><dt>{{ tr('负责人', 'Lead') }}</dt><dd>{{ project.lead?.display_name ?? tr('未指定', 'Unassigned') }}</dd></div><div><dt>{{ tr('目标日期', 'Target Date') }}</dt><dd>{{ project.target_date ?? tr('未设置', 'Unset') }}</dd></div><div><dt>{{ tr('成员', 'Members') }}</dt><dd>{{ project.memberships.length }}</dd></div></dl>
+        <span class="text-link">{{ tr('打开项目', 'Open Project') }} <NIcon aria-hidden="true" :size="16"><ChevronRight /></NIcon></span>
       </RouterLink>
     </section>
-    <div v-else class="empty-state"><strong>没有匹配的项目</strong><p>调整筛选条件，或建立一个新项目。</p></div>
+    <div v-else class="empty-state"><strong>{{ tr('没有匹配的项目', 'No matching projects') }}</strong><p>{{ tr('调整筛选条件，或建立一个新项目。', 'Adjust your filters or create a new project.') }}</p></div>
 
     <NDrawer
       :show="createOpen"
@@ -109,42 +116,42 @@ onMounted(load)
       :mask-closable="!creating"
       @update:show="(value: boolean) => { if (!value) closeCreate() }"
     >
-      <NDrawerContent title="新建项目" closable>
+      <NDrawerContent :title="tr('新建项目', 'New Project')" closable>
         <NForm label-placement="top" :show-require-mark="false">
-          <NFormItem label="项目名称">
+          <NFormItem :label="tr('项目名称', 'Project Name')">
             <NInput
               :value="form.name"
-              :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '项目名称' }"
+              :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('项目名称', 'Project Name') }"
               @update:value="updateName"
             />
           </NFormItem>
-          <NFormItem label="项目标识">
+          <NFormItem :label="tr('项目标识', 'Project Slug')">
             <NInput
               :value="form.slug"
-              :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '项目标识' }"
+              :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('项目标识', 'Project Slug') }"
               placeholder="meetflow"
               @update:value="updateSlug"
             />
           </NFormItem>
-          <NFormItem label="一句话说明">
+          <NFormItem :label="tr('一句话说明', 'One-line Summary')">
             <NInput
               :value="form.summary"
-              :input-props="{ 'aria-label': '一句话说明' }"
+              :input-props="{ 'aria-label': tr('一句话说明', 'One-line Summary') }"
               @update:value="(value: string) => { form.summary = value }"
             />
           </NFormItem>
         </NForm>
-        <p class="form-hint">标识由名称自动生成，可手动修改；仅使用小写字母、数字和连字符。</p>
+        <p class="form-hint">{{ tr('标识由名称自动生成，可手动修改；仅使用小写字母、数字和连字符。', 'Slug is auto-generated from name; lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.') }}</p>
         <p v-if="error" class="notice notice-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</p>
         <template #footer>
-          <NButton quaternary :disabled="creating" @click="closeCreate">取消</NButton>
+          <NButton quaternary :disabled="creating" @click="closeCreate">{{ tr('取消', 'Cancel') }}</NButton>
           <NButton
             type="primary"
             :loading="creating"
             :disabled="creating || !form.name.trim() || !form.slug.trim()"
             @click="createProject"
           >
-            创建项目
+            {{ tr('创建项目', 'Create Project') }}
           </NButton>
         </template>
       </NDrawerContent>