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117 changes: 117 additions & 0 deletions research/height-one-shear-bicliques/PROOF.md
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# Exact balanced optimum at coefficient height one

All ranks in this note are over the rationals. Let

```text
D = {M in Mat_2(Z) : every entry belongs to {-1,0,1}}.
```

A balanced rank-distance biclique of order r consists of two r-element
subsets E and O of D. Distinct matrices in the same part have difference
rank two; every cross-part difference has rank one.

**Result.** The maximum r is exactly six. The lower bound has a written
construction. The upper bound is an exact finite enumeration with two
implementations and the coverage argument below. No formal-kernel acceptance
of that finite computation is claimed.

## Six-by-six construction

Write q(a,b)=a^2+ab+b^2 and take

```text
S = {(-1,0), (-1,1), (0,-1), (0,1), (1,-1), (1,0)}.
E(a,b) = [[a,b],[-a-b,a]]
O(a,b) = [[a,b],[b,-a-b]] for (a,b) in S.
```

Every point in S satisfies q=1 and every displayed entry is in {-1,0,1}.
The determinant identities are

```text
det(E(a,b)-E(u,v)) = q(a-u,b-v)
det(O(a,b)-O(u,v)) = -q(a-u,b-v)
det(E(a,b)-O(u,v)) = q(a,b)-q(u,v) = 0.
```

The identity `4q(a,b)=(2a+b)^2+3b^2` proves strict positivity away from
zero over Q. Thus distinct same-part differences have rank two. The parts
are disjoint because E has determinant one and O has determinant minus one.
Consequently every cross difference is nonzero and singular, with rank one.

For the actual shear frames

```text
Phi(M) = [[I_2,M],[0,I_2]],
```

we have `Phi(M)Phi(N)=Phi(M+N)` and
`rank(Phi(M)-Phi(N))=rank(M-N)`. Hence these twelve commuting integral
four-by-four frames have the rank-distance metric K_(6,6).

## Upper bound by a complete finite certificate

For every unordered triple {A,B,C} of distinct matrices in D whose three
pairwise differences have rank two, count

```text
N(A,B,C) = #{X in D : rank(X-A)=rank(X-B)=rank(X-C)=1}.
```

The enumeration gives the following complete distribution.

| N(A,B,C) | Number of triples |
|---:|---:|
| 0 | 1,480 |
| 1 | 4,368 |
| 2 | 9,624 |
| 3 | 5,760 |
| 4 | 2,096 |
| 6 | 160 |

There are 23,488 such triples. In particular each has at most six common
rank-one contacts. A purported K_(7,7) contains three matrices in its first
part, while all seven matrices of its second part would be contacts of that
triple. This contradicts the certified ceiling six. Any larger balanced
biclique contains a K_(7,7), so it is excluded as well.

This upper certificate does not assume that the contacts themselves have
pairwise rank-two differences. Its relaxation is sufficient for the ceiling.

## Why both enumerations cover the domain

`verify.py` creates exactly the 3^4=81 lexicographically ordered matrices.
For every ordered matrix pair, it computes rank from its determinant and
whether the difference is zero. It visits each of the binomial(81,3)=85,320
unordered triples once. Rank-two adjacency selects the admissible triples;
intersection of three 81-bit rank-one neighbor sets counts their contacts.
It checks the complete histogram and emits a hash of every retained triple
and its full contact bitset, in order.

`ceiling.py` imports no scientific code from the first verifier. It derives
all pair ranks by exact Fraction Gaussian elimination. Two matrices with
the same first row cannot have rank-two difference. An admissible triple
therefore uses three distinct first rows among the nine possible rows.
For each of the binomial(9,3) choices, it tries all 9^3 second-row choices,
giving 61,236 candidates. Sorting first rows gives every admissible triple
exactly once, even though this ordering differs from the first enumeration.
For each accepted triple it scans all 81 matrices and tests the three
contact ranks individually. It recovers the same complete histogram.
It also checks all 144 ordered differences of the twelve four-by-four
shear frames by Fraction elimination, covering attainment directly.

The first verifier rejects a missing witness matrix, duplicates, a height
violation, Boolean or noninteger entries, a malformed shape, overlapping
parts, a same-part rank-one change, and missing/repeated domain vertices.
The second verifier checks elimination on zero, singular, nonsingular,
pivot-swap and rational fixtures. All acceptance checks remain enabled under
optimized Python.

## Scope

This is an exact finite result for D, with a rational construction proof.
It does not bound larger coefficient heights, rational entries of bounded
denominator, different matrix orders, or other fields. The elementary
determinant and rank arguments are classical. No literature-priority claim
is made for them. The new claim is the specified height-one optimum and
its twelve-matrix attaining configuration.
108 changes: 108 additions & 0 deletions research/height-one-shear-bicliques/README.md
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# Height-one integral shear bicliques have exact balanced optimum six

The largest balanced rank-distance biclique among the 81 two-by-two integer
matrices with entries in {-1,0,1} is exactly **K_(6,6)**. Distinct matrices
within each part have rank-two difference; every cross-part difference has
rank one. The twelve associated integral four-by-four shear frames commute.

Claim type: **exact finite certificate**, with a written construction and
a proof reducing the ceiling to a complete finite enumeration.
This contribution was produced by Nick Petalas. No new kappa is claimed.

## Construction and ceiling

For the six integer solutions used here of `a^2+ab+b^2=1`, take

```text
E(a,b) = [[a,b],[-a-b,a]], O(a,b) = [[a,b],[b,-a-b]].
```

Their determinant identities prove attainment. For the ceiling, every
pairwise rank-two triple in the complete 81-matrix inventory has at most
six common rank-one contacts. Thus a K_(7,7) is impossible. Two separate
enumerations agree on all 23,488 admissible triples and their complete
contact-count histogram. [PROOF.md](PROOF.md) gives the identities, histogram
and coverage arguments.

Nick Petalas / petalas [#6174](https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/pull/6174)
asks how coefficient height limits integral bicliques. Its all-size construction
gives a quadratic-height upper bound and no exact height-one ceiling.
This settles that first bounded inventory. Jerry Chen / CubeJerry
[#907](https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/pull/907) supplies the
earlier eight-frame example and the abstract distortion formula
`c_1(K_(r,r))=2(r-1)/r`. Applying that cited theorem gives distortion 5/3
for this new twelve-frame configuration; its cut proof is not replayed here.
The rational shear model originates in eumemic
[#288](https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/pull/288).
The separate common-flag and signed-rank obstructions of navinor #825 and
Jeremy Diviney #836 remain relevant. All predecessor attribution is retained
in the unchanged source packages. Apache-2.0.

Base main is `e54523517d0f03e58352e647c403a5af3e525a57`. The full original
`complex-rank-shape-decoder` card is pinned in TASK.json. Its scope changes
to a coefficient-inventory side result. Rank geometry and distortion alone
do not supply a decoder, productive credit or a favorable complete invoice.
The contextual picker reports its historical #5599 assessment differs from
the selected #7000 record. Selected kappa `363005817/100000000000` is unchanged.
The [advance claim](https://github.com/CrocSwap/integer-mult-bounds/discussions/1166#discussioncomment-19572817)
reserves this exact height-one question.

## Reproduce

From the repository root, with CPython 3.12 and only its standard library:

```sh
/Users/nick/git/integer-mult-bounds/.venv/bin/python3.12 -I -W error -B research/height-one-shear-bicliques/verify.py
/Users/nick/git/integer-mult-bounds/.venv/bin/python3.12 -I -W error -B research/height-one-shear-bicliques/ceiling.py
/Users/nick/git/integer-mult-bounds/.venv/bin/python3.12 -B scripts/research_package.py --package research/height-one-shear-bicliques
/Users/nick/git/integer-mult-bounds/.venv/bin/python3.12 -B scripts/check_research_commit.py --package research/height-one-shear-bicliques --check-source-history --check-modes
```

A CPython 3.12 executable at another path can replace the local interpreter.
VERIFY.json registers warning-strict normal and optimized runs of both
verifiers, each with a 60-second timeout. Both commands are read-only and
work without Git or predecessor files. The source pins are provenance only.
No predecessor scientific executable is imported or replayed.

The expected direct markers are `PASS_HEIGHT_ONE_SHEAR_BICLIQUES` and
`PASS_FIRST_ROW_SHEAR_CEILING`. The primary JSON receipt includes the complete
witness, histogram, ordered triple-trace hash and SHA256 of all seven package
files. It is generated on every run. The separate checker uses Fraction
elimination, a first-row enumeration and the actual four-by-four shear ranks.
Ten rejection controls and five elimination fixtures test the stated boundary.

## Limits

Only the height-one integral two-by-two inventory is optimized. There is no
physical native implementation, complete caller, dirty restoration, paid
supplier invoice, compiler closure, tape/precision realization, complete
multiplication theorem or discharge of any selected framework assumption.
No selected cold replay, Lean or Docker run is relevant to this certificate.
Independent human and formal proof-kernel review are unclaimed.

## Open next questions

1. What is the balanced optimum at height two? Start by reducing the contact
equations for its 625 matrices; a larger exact enumeration or a general
coefficient-height theorem is missing.
2. Can these twelve frames participate in a favorable completed interface?
First specify legal gates, targets, arbitrary dirty inputs and paid cleanup,
and identify a hypothesis escaping the common-flag obstruction. None is
supplied here; the metric example alone does not imply a coding gain.

## Verification-code bounds

Both scripts use bounded loops and no recursion or subprocesses. The primary
stores two 81-entry bitset graphs; the other stores an 81-by-81 rank table.
No triple list is retained. Every function is below sixty physical lines.
Errors propagate as exceptions, and checks do not depend on assertions.

Power-of-Ten rule 3 has a managed-runtime deviation in both scripts. Python
and Fraction allocate during enumeration. Input domains are fixed to 81
four-entry integer matrices, matrices of order at most four for elimination,
85,320 primary triple visits and 61,236 secondary candidates. Only the fixed
graphs, one matrix/triple at a time and a histogram of at most 82 bins remain
live. Normal and optimized replays verify those enforced domains. A port to
fixed-capacity arithmetic would be needed for allocation-free execution.
Python's dynamic dispatch is a runtime constraint; all scientific calls have
fixed, direct targets and no callbacks, plugins or dynamic evaluation.
30 changes: 30 additions & 0 deletions research/height-one-shear-bicliques/SOURCES.json
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{
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89 changes: 89 additions & 0 deletions research/height-one-shear-bicliques/TASK.json
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{
"schema_version": 1,
"task_id": "complex-rank-shape-decoder",
"priority_revision": 8,
"base_commit": "e54523517d0f03e58352e647c403a5af3e525a57",
"original_card": {
"id": "complex-rank-shape-decoder",
"question": "Can a legal decoder or coframe change improve the full signed moment, including changed helper targets?",
"starting_points": [
"docs/research/current-priorities.md",
"docs/research/research-family-status.md",
"certificates/selected-result.json",
"docs/research/pr-intake-evidence/pr5599-completion/PROOF-REVIEW.md",
"docs/research/recursive-invoice-preflight.md"
],
"methods": [
"Construct and independently check one source-bound instance of the stated first experiment.",
"Seek an exact counterexample or target-specific complete-budget obstruction to that same proposed change."
],
"acceptance_gate": "A source-bound arbitrary-input identity and legal producer/consumer boundary with the complete paid and productive target invoice, including restoration, ownership, native alignment and extra charges. Price under the actual current model; historical ceiling.py assumptions must be established before use. A favorable optimistic relaxation keeps a route open but is not a completed supplier. A scoped local result remains useful; expansion requires the family-level budget gate.",
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"python3",
"-B",
"scripts/research_selected_baseline.py"
],
"expected": "PASS_RESEARCH_BASELINE_BINDINGS_ONLY",
"inspect": "Read revision 8, the selected review and live exact-source handoffs. Then follow this card's bounded first_experiment.",
"scope": "Source-bound orientation only, not a supplier replay or theorem proof."
},
"first_experiment": "Price one complete changed itinerary with both paid and productive histograms. Check #5693/#5698 for overlap and their exact hypotheses before another coframe search. Use the signed invoice preflight where its boundary contract agrees; an inconclusive concave comparison is not a power crossing. Stop if an optimistic complete budget fails at the chosen target or native delivery remains unspecified.",
"bottleneck_link": "Judge the actual current supplier contract and complete signed target/paid bill; frozen-profile ceilings require an applicability proof.",
"allowed_variations": [
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],
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],
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"signed moment",
"5693",
"5698"
],
"existing_checks": [
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"scope": "Selected PR5599: complete helper-subspace construction and independent caller replay; five framework assumptions remain.",
"evidence": "docs/research/pr-intake-evidence/pr5599-completion/PROOF-REVIEW.md",
"remaining": "The next experiment must identify uncovered source-specific work. Successor archive intake does not transfer this admission.",
"status": "reviewed",
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},
"scope_status": "changed",
"actual_scope": "Determine the exact largest balanced rank-distance biclique in the height-one integral two-by-two matrix inventory.",
"scope_change_reason": "This answers the first coefficient-height case of PR6174 Open next question 2. It is a frame-alphabet side result, not a decoder or complete signed-moment improvement.",
"bottleneck_link": "A changed frame alphabet must have explicit coefficient and rank costs. This settles its smallest nontrivial bounded inventory; non-L1 geometry alone does not escape the common-flag obstruction or earn productive credit.",
"budget_minutes": 60,
"stop_rule": "Stop at the first exact height-one optimum with an attaining configuration and independent finite ceiling; leave larger heights and physical realization open.",
"outcome": "completed",
"evidence": "PROOF.md gives the six-by-six construction and finite ceiling reduction. verify.py enumerates every matrix triple; ceiling.py separately uses rational elimination and first-row buckets.",
"author": "Nick Petalas",
"ai_assistance": "Independent human and formal proof-kernel review are unclaimed.",
"open_questions": [
{
"question": "What is the balanced optimum at coefficient height two?",
"why_it_matters": "The height-one ceiling does not quantify how the inventory grows with coefficient storage.",
"first_step": "Use rank-one contact equations to reduce the 625-matrix inventory before a bounded exact search.",
"blocked_by": "No larger-height enumeration or general height theorem is supplied."
},
{
"question": "Can the twelve-frame configuration participate in a favorable completed interface?",
"why_it_matters": "The charged metric and its distortion do not imply a coding or multiplication gain.",
"first_step": "Specify legal gates, target jobs, arbitrary dirty inputs and all cleanup costs, identifying a hypothesis outside the existing common-flag obstruction.",
"blocked_by": "No physical caller, native realization or complete supplier invoice is supplied."
}
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"implementation": "CPython",
"system": "Darwin",
"release": "27.0.0",
"machine": "arm64",
"dependencies": "standard library only"
}
}
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